Radiological safety assessment of mined Trona commonly consumed in Nigeria

Garba, Nuraddeen Nasiru; Ibrahim, Hannatu Jura; Onoja, R A; Bello, S.; Rabiu, Nasiru

doi:10.1080/03067319.2020.1849658

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The detector consists of a 7.62 × 7.62 cm NaI (TI) detector housed in a 10 cm thick lead-shield, cadmium-lined assembly with copper sheets for the reduction of background radiation, which was equipped with a MAESTRO computer system program for data acquisition and spectra analysis. IAEA standard reference materials (RGK-1, IAEA-448, and RGTh-1) were used for the quantitative analysis of the 238 U, 232 Th, and 40 K, respectively 5 , 20 . Each of the prepared samples was counted for approximately 4 h, with the activity concentration of 238 U determined using the gamma energy line of 214 Bi (1760 keV), 232 Th determined using 208 Tl (2614 keV), while the activity concentration of 40 K was determined directly from its 1460 keV gamma line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of natural radionuclides and radiation shielding potential of some commonly used building materials in Northwestern Nigeria

Garba,

Aliyu,

Rabiu

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study assessed the gamma-ray shielding potential of clay, sand, gypsum and kaolin commonly used as a building material in Northwestern, Nigeria. The radiological status of the samples was first evaluated by determining the activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K using NaI (Tl) detector after which elemental composition and mass density were determined using Neutron Activation Analytical Technique. After which the mass attenuation coefficients (MAC), linear attenuation coefficients (LAC), half value layer (HVL), tenth value layer (TVL), and effective atomic number (Zeff) were determined experimentally and theoretically using standard point sources of 137Cs and 60Co photon peaks (0.662 and 1.332, 1.173) MeV and Py-MLBUF software. The activity concentrations were found to range from 51 to 59 Bq kg−1 with a mean value of 59 Bq kg−1 for 238U, 24 to 27 Bq kg−1 with a mean value of 29 Bq kg−1 for 232Th, and 219 to 247 Bq kg−1 with a mean value of 247 Bq kg−1 for 40K which were about within the world recommended values of 33, 45 and 420 Bq kg−1 respectively. The results of the elemental compositions show that Si, Al, K, Fe, and Ba in clay and sand samples have concentrations in the range of 36.83–78.48%, 1.92–26.05%, 6.33–21.96%, 2.39–19.09%, and 0.09–1.44%, respectively, while in kaolin and gypsum, results revealed that Si, Al, K, Fe, and Ca range between 0.34 and 65.52%, 1.14–35.82%, 0.00–12.12%, 0.00–5.77%, and 0.00–96.6%, respectively. However, the concentrations of other elements such as Mg, Ti, Mn, Zn, Na, and Ba varied significantly with the samples. The results showed that clay has an average density of 1.96 g/cm3, sand has 2.32 g/cm3, kaolin has 2.63 g/cm3, and gypsum has the highest density with a value of 2.66 g/cm3 compared to other samples. During the measurements, a thallium-activated sodium-iodide NaI (TI) detector was used. A narrow beam transmission geometry condition was adopted for the measurements to ensure minimal scattered radiation. Absorption and attenuation of gamma beams as a function of sample thickness against gamma energy generally exhibit an increasing gamma ray behaviour as the sample thickness increases from 1 to 3 cm. The results showed that the gypsum, kaolin, sand, and clay were capable of attenuating 63.5%, 61.5%, 58.4%, and 44.2 of gamma-ray photons of energy 0.662 MeV at 3 cm thickness %, respectively, and 40.6%, 32.9%, 30.6%, and 27.3% of gamma energy 1.332 MeV at 3 cm thickness, respectively. The results showed that MAC, LAC, and Zeff of all the samples decreased with an increase in photon energy, while those of HVL and TVL increased. The experimental results for all the gamma-ray shielding parameters were found to be in good agreement with the theoretical values obtained using Py-MLBUF. The results have shown that all the samples have similar photon attenuation behaviours; however, gypsum has the best shielding potential than kaolin and this is attributed due to its highest density value.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of natural radionuclides and radiation shielding potential of some commonly used building materials in Northwestern Nigeria

Garba,

Aliyu,

Rabiu

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The detector consist of a 7.62 × 7.62 cm NaI (Tl) detector housed in a 10 cm thick lead-shielded, cadmium-lined assembly with copper sheets for the reduction of background radiation, which was equipped with a MAESTRO computer system program for data acquisition and spectra analysis. IAEA standard reference materials (RGK-1, IAEA-448 and RGTh-1) were used for the quantitative analysis of the 226 Ra, 232 Th, and 40 K respectively [ 30 ]. Each of the prepared sample was counted for approximately 8 h with the activity concentration of 226 Ra determined using the gamma energy line of 214 Bi (1760 keV), 232 Th using 208 Tl (2614 keV), and while the activity concentration of 40 K was determined directly from its 1460 keV gamma line.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%