Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG) clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: breast conditions

Abstract

The use of medical 3D printing has expanded dramatically for breast diseases. A writing group composed of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (SIG) provides updated appropriateness criteria for breast 3D printing in various clinical scenarios. Evidence-based appropriateness criteria are provided for the following clinical scenarios: benign breast lesions and high-risk breast lesions, breast cancer, breast reconstruction, and breast radiation (treatment planning and radiation delivery).

Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Advancement of Breast Surgery and Implications for Breast Reconstruction: A Narrative Review

“…AR applications have been shown to enrich the planning of perforator flaps in breast reconstructive surgeries [34]. Three-dimensional printing in breast reconstruction provides another potential area for AI contribution, as 3D printing can aid patient decision making and surgical planning in breast reconstruction [45], and the AI-optimization of 3D printing has been demonstrated for select medical applications [46]. Additionally, the autonomy of robotic AI models is constrained by parameters such as task complexity, environmental difficulties, and the level of human independence [30], and the intraoperative application of AI for robotic surgeries is currently in its infancy [29].…”