Radiolytic decomposition of pesticide carbendazim in waters and wastes for environmental protection

Abstract

The radiolytic degradation of widely used fungicide, carbendazim, in synthetic aqueous solutions and industrial wastewater was investigated employing γ-irradiation. The effect of the absorbed dose, initial concentration and pH of irradiated solution on the effectiveness of carbendazim decomposition were investigated. Decomposition of carbendazim in 100 μM concentration in synthetic aqueous solutions required irradiation with 600 Gy dose. The aqueous solutions of carbendazim have been irradiated in different conditions, where particular active radical species from water radiolysis predominate. The obtained data have been compared with the kinetic modeling. The reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography was used for the determination of carbendazim and its radiolytic decomposition products in irradiated solutions. The changes of toxicity of irradiated solutions were examined with different test organisms and human leukemia cells.

A Novel Cu2O/ZnO@PET Composite Membrane for the Photocatalytic Degradation of Carbendazim

“…Carbendazim (Czm) or methyl-2-benzimidazole carbamate is the most widely used active ingredient in the benzimidazole carbamate class of fungicides [ 1 ]. This fungicide has protective and curative activity against a wide range of fungal diseases and is the main degradation product of other benzimidazole fungicides, such as benomyl and thiophanate-methyl [ 2 , 3 ]. Czm is very stable in water (half-life of 5–26 days), wastewater, soil, crops and food, and is toxic to humans, animals and plants [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…Since Czm is identified as a pollutant of water resources where it can accumulate, it is important to study the processes that lead to its detection [ 7 , 8 ], degradation [ 9 ] and removal. Currently, sorption [ 10 ], radiolytic [ 3 , 11 ] and catalytic degradation [ 12 ], oxidation and ozonation [ 13 , 14 ], membrane distillation [ 15 ], as well as a variety of microbiological methods [ 16 ] are successfully used to remove Czm from aqueous media.…”

Application of Pinhole Plasma Jet Activated Water against Escherichia coli, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Decontamination of Pesticide Residues on Chili (Capsicum annuum L.)

“…The carbendazim treated with PAW decreased rapidly from 100% to 43.67% after 30 min of treatment, while in the samples treated with NaHCO 3 solution, NaClO and DI water, carbendazim remained at 63.0%, 62.7% and 93.0% for the same treatment time, respectively ( Figure 2 A). The degradation pathway ( Figure 3 ) of carbendazim by ˙OH has been proposed by Bojanowska-Czajka et al [ 49 ]. Some chemical bonds of pesticides were broken by reactions from free radicals, resulting in less harmful or harmless compounds [ 50 ].…”

“…Ozone is another alternative to pesticide residue degradation. Ozone in the form of aqueous (ozone generally reacts with OH − and H 2 O to generate H 2 O 2 ) led to the degradation of pesticide residues through hydrolysis, photolysis and reduction-oxidation [ 51 ], while the radicals in PAW attack the aromatic ring of carbendazim parent structure [ 49 ].…”

Photodegradation of carbendazim sensitized by aromatic ketones

“…Unfortunately, BZs are toxic to humans and animals, so in the last years increasing attention has been devoted to their elimination from the environment [14][15][16][17] and to the development of methods for detection of traces in vegetables and water. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] The importance of the problem generated by pesticide residues, including BZs, has led to specific regulations established by the European Union 31 and by the Environmetal Protection Agency (EPA).…”