“…Currently, a wide variety of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems have been created to help physicians categorize, segment, and diagnose medical images ( Huang et al, 2021 ; Huang et al, 2022 ; Luo et al, 2022 ), particularly in ultrasound images ( Huang et al, 2020a ; Huang and Ye, 2021 ; Xu et al, 2022b ; Li et al, 2022 ). Some research focuses on migrating research from the traditional imaging field to medical imaging ( Xu et al, 2022a ; Yan et al, 2022 ; Huang et al, 2023 ).…”