Radionuclide contamination of sediment deposits in the Ob and Yenisey estuaries and areas of the Kara Sea

Standring, William J.F.; Stepanets, Oleg; Brown, Justin; Dowdall, M.; Borisov, A. P.; Никитин, А. И.

doi:10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.09.005

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…activity concentrations (including all depths of sediment) are quite strongly influenced by grain-size. Grain-size was also observed to influence 137 Cs activity concentrations further downstream in the Yenisey estuary (Standring et al, 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Mining and Chemical Industrial Combine, Zheleznogorsk (MCIC, previously known as Krasnoyarsk-26) has constituted a source of anthropogenic radioactivity to the Yenisey River from the start of original operations at the site in 1958 through to modern times (e.g., Vakulovsky et al, 1995;Paluszkiewicz et al, 2001;JNREG, 2004;Standring et al, 2008). The main activities of the MCIC over the years have been plutonium production, electricity generation using three RBMK-type graphite-moderated nuclear reactors, plutonium reprocessing and the storage of resultant radioactive waste materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vertical distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in cores from contaminated floodplains of the Yenisey River

Standring

Brown

Dowdall

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in cores from contaminated floodplains of the Yenisey River

Standring

Brown

Dowdall

et al. 2009

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity

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“…9,10 At the same site B7.4 Â 10 4 TBq of radioactivity were released as a result of a high level radioactive liquid waste tank exploding, causing the contamination of B20 000 km 2 at concentrations 44000 Bq m -2 . 8,11 Underground weapons testing has caused contamination of the subsurface with tritium, fission and activation products and actinides. 2,12 At the Nevada Test site, the primary location for nuclear weapons tests in the USA, B1 Â 10 7 TBq of radioactivity was released into the subsurface during 828 tests.…”

Section: Nuclear Weaponsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathways of Radioactive Substances in the Environment

Renshaw

Handley-Sidhu²,

Brookshaw

2011

Nuclear Power and the Environment

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The release and transport of radionuclides in the environment is a subject of great public concern. The primary sources of radionuclides in the environment are nuclear weapons testing and production, and the processes associated with the nuclear fuel cycle. Whilst nuclear weapons tests have been the main source of atmospheric contamination, resulting in global, low-level contamination, sites associated with weapon production and the nuclear fuel cycle can have localised high levels of contamination, and the spread of this contamination via aquatic pathways represents a significant environmental problem. Migration in the atmosphere will depend on the nature of the radioactive material and the prevailing meteorological conditions. Within surface water and groundwater environments, transport will be controlled by physical processes such as advection and the biogeochemical conditions in the system. In systems with significant flow, advection will be the dominant transport process, but as hydraulic conductivity decreases, chemical processes and conditions become increasingly important in controlling radionuclide migration. Factors such as solution phase chemistry (e.g. ionic strength and ligand concentrations), E h and the nature of mineral phases in the system have a critical effect on radionuclide speciation, controlling partitioning between solution and solid phases and hence migration. Understanding 152 Issues in Environmental Science and Technology, 32 Nuclear Power and the Environment Edited by R.E. Hester and R.M. Harrison

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“…The accessory nerve, also called spinal accessory nerve (SAN), is the eleventh cranial nerve (XI). The accessory nerve composed of two parts: a cranial part (Ramus internus, accessory portion) and a spinal part (Ramus externus, spinal portion) (Standring et al, 2008). The spinal portion innervates the neck and back muscles, the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid muscles (Theis et al, 2010), while the accessory portion innervates laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early emergence of axons and formation of accessory nerve (XI) in avian embryos

Haque

Qin

et al. 2016

Asian J. Med. Biol. Res

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Development of the nervous system involves specification of distinct classes of neurons at defined locations within the central nervous system (CNS). In the head-trunk-transitory region accessory nerve (XI) display a unique axonal trajectory in that they ascend along the lateral margin of the spinal cord and the medulla oblongata. At present, we lack a detailed description of early emergence and development of the accessory nerve (XI) in avian embryos. To know the early projection of accessory axons from the central nervous system (CNS) and formation of accessory nerve (XI), whole-mount immunostaining of chick embryos was performed. Our results showed that axons start to project from the CNS as early as Hamilton and Hamburger (HH) stage 18 at the level of occipital somites (1 to 5). In the succeeding developmental stages, the axons developed, united with each other and ran dorsolaterally along the longitudinal axis of the embryo. Finally, it formed a bent near the first occipital somite and passed along with vagus nerve. This study will give us an idea on the topographic anatomy of accessory nerve (XI) during development of chick embryos.

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Radionuclide contamination of sediment deposits in the Ob and Yenisey estuaries and areas of the Kara Sea

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Vertical distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in cores from contaminated floodplains of the Yenisey River

Vertical distribution of anthropogenic radionuclides in cores from contaminated floodplains of the Yenisey River

Pathways of Radioactive Substances in the Environment

Early emergence of axons and formation of accessory nerve (XI) in avian embryos

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