Radionuclides (210Po and 210Pb) and Some Heavy Metals in Fish and Sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey, and the Contribution of 210Po to the Radiation Dose

Abstract

Abstract:The pollution level of Lake Bafa was investigated by collecting fish samples {Dicentrarchus labrax (sea bass), Liza ramada (mullet) and Anguilla anguilla (eel)}, surface sediment, and core samples. In all these samples, 210 Po and 210 Pb concentrations were estimated, and total annual dose rates were obtained for each species. Some heavy metal (Cr, Ni, Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe, and Zn) concentration levels were obtained for the fish and a core sample. The sediment mass accumulation rate was found to be 3.27 g·m −2 ·day −1 (0.119 g·cm −2 ·y −1 ) from a core sample. The heavy metal concentrations in the vertical profile of samples from the core were also observed. The measured concentration of Zn, Pb, Cd, and Cr were between the ERL (effects range low) and ERM (effects range median) limits, while Ni concentrations were higher than the ERM limit. The observed concentrations of Cd, Pb, and Zn in fish samples did not exceed the limits in accordance with Turkish Food Regulations. Further, the maximum effective dose equivalent of 210 Po in the area was found to be 1.169 µSv·y −1 .

Concentrations and sources of heavy metals in shallow sediments in Lake Bafa, Turkey

“…Seasonal mean Cr concentrations exceeded TEC at all sampling points except C2, and at location L1, Cr was also measured at higher than PEC in autumn. High Cr concentrations were also found in previous studies of the sediment of Lake Bafa 33,34,35 . Its main sources are industrial wastewaters, mainly industrial leather wastewater and domestic wastewater 75 .…”

“…Moreover, Cd concentrations at L3 and C1 were higher than the TEC in autumn and summer, respectively. Relatively high Cd concentrations were detected compared to previous studies 34,35 in the same area. This variation in concentrations of Cd, which is very toxic in the aquatic ecosystem, is due to the different sampling points and monitoring periods used.…”

“…Although there was no consistent trend in the seasonal variation of heavy metals in the sediment of the lake, it was observed that all concentrations increased in the autumn. The lake was once an embayment of the Aegean Sea, but the development of the Büyük Menderes Delta transformed it into a lake, implying that Lake Bafa can be considered a sediment trap 35 . Currently, sediment transport from the Büyük Menderes River to Lake Bafa is continuous.…”

“…These efforts are increasing the significance of monitoring and assessment, especially in sediments and biota in surface water resources in Turkey. Building on existing literature, a limited number of studies have been undertaken on heavy metal pollution in the sediments of Lake Bafa [33][34][35][36] . Previous studies in the area have generally been focused on spatial changes in heavy metal pollution, and the distribution of heavy metals within the soil structure.…”

Estimation of the Annual Effective Dose Due to the Ingestion of 210Pb and 210Po in Crops from a Site of Coal Mining and Processing in Southwest China

“…The detection limit of 210 Po in the samples was 0.0003 Bq. Sample count times were 864,000 s and the maximum counting errors were in the order of ± 10% [ 25 , 26 ].…”