Radioprotective Effects of Amifostine In Vitro and In Vivo Measured with the Comet Assay

Abstract

Amifostine 500 mg intravenously yields an adequate radioprotective concentration. The effect was only marginally improved by extreme concentrations of amifostine in in vitro experiments. The comet assay is capable of detecting small changes in radiosensitivity by amifostine.

Amifostine is a Potent Radioprotector of Salivary Glands in Radioiodine Therapy

“…The organic thiophosphate amifostine, also known as S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)-ethylphosphorothioic acid or WR-1065, represents the first of a new class of drugs that have been categorized as cytoprotective agents for about 25 years now [28,29,34].…”

Radioprotection of Osteoblasts by a Fractionated Dose Regimen and Amifostine

“…Our use of 4 mM amifostine treatment of in vitro osteoblasts is within the same order magnitude of high-performance liquid chromatography-measured in vivo radioprotective doses. 28,29 Clearly, increases (or decreases) in radiation dose will alter the concentration at which amifostine is radioprotective; further doseresponse studies will elucidate tissue-specific guidelines.…”

Amelioration of Early Radiation Effects in Oral Mucosa (Mouse) by Intravenous or Subcutaneous Administration of Amifostine

“…If radical scavenging were the underlying mechanism, then a similar effect in both weeks would be expected, as similar amounts of radicals are induced by each radiation fraction and must be expected to be scavenged by amifostine. Also, amifostine did not alter radiation-induced DNA damage in vitro or in vivo [24,26], which would be expected after effective radical scavenging.…”