Radiosensitization of ultrasmall GNP–PEG–cRGDfK in ALTS1C1 exposed to therapeutic protons and kilovoltage and megavoltage photons

Enferadi, Milad; Fu, Sheng; Hong, Ji-Hong; Tung, Chuan–Jong; Chao, Tsi-Chian; Wey, Shiaw-Pyng; Chiu, Chun‐Hui; Wang, Chun‐Chieh; Sadeghi, Mahdi

doi:10.1080/09553002.2018.1407462

Cited by 22 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The AF was also calculated in this study, which is an illustration of the enhance proportion of dead cells in cultures with and without AuNPs that have been exposed to proton irradiation. The AF value reported by Li et al was approximately 30% at 2 Gy using 10 nm AuNPs is relativelyclose to the AF at 2 Gy of 27.1% for 50 nm AuNPs in our study, while Enferadi et al report and AF at 2 Gy of 17.7% ( 37 , 42 ). Enferadi et al calculated their highest AF value of 70.4% at 6 Gy, while the AF value in our study was also highest at 6 Gy in our study, but only 43.8% ( 42 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…The AF value reported by Li et al was approximately 30% at 2 Gy using 10 nm AuNPs is relativelyclose to the AF at 2 Gy of 27.1% for 50 nm AuNPs in our study, while Enferadi et al report and AF at 2 Gy of 17.7% ( 37 , 42 ). Enferadi et al calculated their highest AF value of 70.4% at 6 Gy, while the AF value in our study was also highest at 6 Gy in our study, but only 43.8% ( 42 ). However, it is important to note that the differences in cell lines, incubation times and AuNP size, will result in cell uptake variations as well as observed radio-enhancement effects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

Cunningham

Kock

Engelbrecht

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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The number of proton therapy facilities and the clinical usage of high energy proton beams for cancer treatment has substantially increased over the last decade. This is mainly due to the superior dose distribution of proton beams resulting in a reduction of side effects and a lower integral dose compared to conventional X-ray radiotherapy. More recently, the usage of metallic nanoparticles as radiosensitizers to enhance radiotherapy is receiving growing attention. While this strategy was originally intended for X-ray radiotherapy, there is currently a small number of experimental studies indicating promising results for proton therapy. However, most of these studies used low proton energies, which are less applicable to clinical practice; and very small gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Therefore, this proof of principle study evaluates the radiosensitization effect of larger AuNPs in combination with a 200 MeV proton beam. CHO-K1 cells were exposed to a concentration of 10 μg/ml of 50 nm AuNPs for 4 hours before irradiation with a clinical proton beam at NRF iThemba LABS. AuNP internalization was confirmed by inductively coupled mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy, showing a random distribution of AuNPs throughout the cytoplasm of the cells and even some close localization to the nuclear membrane. The combined exposure to AuNPs and protons resulted in an increase in cell killing, which was 27.1% at 2 Gy and 43.8% at 6 Gy, compared to proton irradiation alone, illustrating the radiosensitizing potential of AuNPs. Additionally, cells were irradiated at different positions along the proton depth-dose curve to investigate the LET-dependence of AuNP radiosensitization. An increase in cytogenetic damage was observed at all depths for the combined treatment compared to protons alone, but no incremental increase with LET could be determined. In conclusion, this study confirms the potential of 50 nm AuNPs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of proton therapy.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

Cunningham

Kock

Engelbrecht

et al. 2021

Front. Public Health

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“…It corresponds to a more than 130% increase in the absorbed dose, and the fraction of spectra with such an effect was about 18% of the studied set. The results obtained are in good agreement with previous works [ 25 , 43 , 44 ], where a greater GNPs radiosensitization was observed at lower X-ray tube voltages.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Impact of the Spectral Composition of Kilovoltage X-rays on High-Z Nanoparticle-Assisted Dose Enhancement

Колыванова

Белоусов

Krusanov

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Nanoparticles (NPs) with a high atomic number (Z) are promising radiosensitizers for cancer therapy. However, the dependence of their efficacy on irradiation conditions is still unclear. In the present work, 11 different metal and metal oxide NPs (from Cu (ZCu = 29) to Bi2O3 (ZBi = 83)) were studied in terms of their ability to enhance the absorbed dose in combination with 237 X-ray spectra generated at a 30–300 kVp voltage using various filtration systems and anode materials. Among the studied high-Z NP materials, gold was the absolute leader by a dose enhancement factor (DEF; up to 2.51), while HfO2 and Ta2O5 were the most versatile because of the largest high-DEF region in coordinates U (voltage) and Eeff (effective energy). Several impacts of the X-ray spectral composition have been noted, as follows: (1) there are radiation sources that correspond to extremely low DEFs for all of the studied NPs, (2) NPs with a lower Z in some cases can equal or overcome by the DEF value the high-Z NPs, and (3) the change in the X-ray spectrum caused by a beam passing through the matter can significantly affect the DEF. All of these findings indicate the important role of carefully planning radiation exposure in the presence of high-Z NPs.

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“…The same group evidenced that the SER decreases from 1.57 to 1.17 by increasing the energy beam from 105 kVp to 6 MV X-rays, respectively. Enferadi et al [16] reached the same conclusion by studying ALTS1C1 cells containing 1.8 nm GNPs exposed to various X-rays energy. The importance of surface functionalization was shown by Ma et al [21] who exposed GNPs coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG), folic acid or TAT peptide to 6 MV X-rays.…”

Section: Cancer Cellmentioning

confidence: 59%

Gold Nanoparticles as a Potent Radiosensitizer: A Transdisciplinary Approach from Physics to Patient

Penninckx

Heuskin

Michiels

et al. 2020

Cancers

123

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Over the last decade, a growing interest in the improvement of radiation therapies has led to the development of gold-based nanomaterials as radiosensitizer. Although the radiosensitization effect was initially attributed to a dose enhancement mechanism, an increasing number of studies challenge this mechanistic hypothesis and evidence the importance of chemical and biological contributions. Despite extensive experimental validation, the debate regarding the mechanism(s) of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization is limiting its clinical translation. This article reviews the current state of knowledge by addressing how gold nanoparticles exert their radiosensitizing effects from a transdisciplinary perspective. We also discuss the current and future challenges to go towards a successful clinical translation of this promising therapeutic approach.

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Radiosensitization of ultrasmall GNP–PEG–cRGDfK in ALTS1C1 exposed to therapeutic protons and kilovoltage and megavoltage photons

Abstract: Ultrasmall GNP-PEG-cRGD can be considered as a radiosensitizer. For radiotherapy applications, the delivery method should be developed to increase the GNP uptake in the tumor and decrease the uptakes in undesirable organs.

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

Radiosensitization Effect of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy

Impact of the Spectral Composition of Kilovoltage X-rays on High-Z Nanoparticle-Assisted Dose Enhancement

Gold Nanoparticles as a Potent Radiosensitizer: A Transdisciplinary Approach from Physics to Patient

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