Radiotoxicity hazard of U-free PuO2+ZrO2 and PuO2+ThO2 spent fuels in LWR

Shelley, Afroza; Akie, Hiroshi; Takano, Hideki; Sekimoto, Hiroshi

doi:10.1016/s0149-1970(00)00074-3

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, the content of additive Er20 3 of 5 to 7 at% in ROX fuel is considered here to study its effect on burnup characteristics. < 13 ) The FTC values of R-Pu ROX fuels are less positive at EOL as compared to W-Pu ROX fuels. It is found that 10 to 15 at% Th02 or U02, or 3 to 5 at% Er203 is enough to satisfy the required FTC level of R-Pu ROX fuel.…”

Section: Problems and Improvement Of Rox Fuelmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison of the Burnup Characteristics and Radiotoxicity Hazards of Rock-like Oxide Fuel with Different Types of Additives

Shelley

Akie

Takano

et al. 2001

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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Burn up characteristics of rock-like oxide (Pu02-Zr02: ROX) fueled LWR have been studied with an additive Th02, U02 or Er203. A ROX fueled LWR core has reactivity coefficients and burnup reactivity swing problems, which can be mitigated by these additives. From the burnup calculations of the ROX fueled LWR, it was found that the additive Th02 causes a few percent decrease in Pu transmutation in ROX fuel, while the additive U02 or Er203 decreases it largely. The production of 241 Am, which is a parent of long-lived 237 Np, is smaller in Th02 added fuel than that in U02 or Er20 3 added fuel. However, the productions of 243 Am and 244 Cm are more in Th02 added fuel than those in U02 or Er203 added fuel. The long-lived fission products (LLFPs) production in Th02 added fuel is nearly the same as that in U02 added fuel, and smaller than that in Er203 added fuel. As a result of these Pu transmutation and minor actinides (MAs) and LLFPs productions, ingestion radiotoxicity hazard index of Th02 added ROX spent fuel is lower than that of U02 or Er203 added ROX spent fuel, except at the 10 5 years cooling. From these calculations, Th02 is recommended to be used as the additive in ROX fuel.

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Section: Problems and Improvement Of Rox Fuelmentioning

confidence: 93%

Comparison of the Burnup Characteristics and Radiotoxicity Hazards of Rock-like Oxide Fuel with Different Types of Additives

Shelley

Akie

Takano

et al. 2001

Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology

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“…6. The reprocessing duration after the cooling period is assumed to be two years (Shelley et al, 2000). 7.…”

Section: Roadmapmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for improved nuclear fuel utilisation and economic performance by utilising thorium

Toit

Chirayath²

2017

J. energy South. Afr.

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A systematic and strategic nuclear power reactor deployment roadmap has been developed for South Africa within the national strategic plan, utilizing thorium-based fuel. The roadmap was developed through analysis of economical, strategic and historical aspects. The accumulated advantages of thorium-based fuels are summarized, which could form the initiative to implement thorium-based nuclear fuels in South Africa. A timeline (which forms the basis of the roadmap) was constructed and consists of three different phases. Phase 1 starts in 2015 and extends to 2030. Phase 2 starts in 2031 and ends in 2044 whilst Phase 3 is from 2045 to 2060. Each phase is discussed with regard to construction, implementation and research activities. This roadmap starts at current pressurized water reactors (PWRs) and advances to future reactor technologies, using an evolutionary approach. In addition to the results reported in this paper, the economic advantages to introducing thorium as a fertile component in PWR fuels as compared to once-through conventional uranium-only cycles is explored (Du Toit & Cilliers, 2014). The economic evaluation compares uranium fuel to thorium-uranium fuel in terms of the fuel cycle costs, reactor downtime costs due to refuelling and income derived from electricity sales.

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“…The long-term potential radiotoxicity of the spent nuclear fuel is mainly associated with transuranics (TRU) particularly Pu and MA: Am, Cm, and Np. These constitute a significant radiological source term over a very long period within a spent fuel [29]. Figures 6-9 show the concentration of those isotopes during the burnup.…”

Section: Reprocessed Fuel Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of an ADS Loaded with Thorium and Reprocessed Fuel

Barros¹,

Pereira

Veloso³

et al. 2012

Science and Technology of Nuclear Installations

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Accelerator-driven systems (ADSs) are investigated for long-lived fission product transmutation and fuel regeneration. The aim of this paper is to investigate the nuclear fuel evolution and the neutronic parameters of a lead-cooled accelerator-driven system used for fuel breeding. The fuel used in some fuel rods wasT232hO2forU233production. In the other fuel rods was used a mixture based upon Pu-MA, removed from PWR-spent fuel, reprocessed by GANEX, and finally spiked with thorium or depleted uranium. The use of reprocessed fuel ensured the use ofT232hO2without the initial requirement ofU233enrichment. In this paper was used the Monte Carlo code MCNPX 2.6.0 that presents the depletion/burnup capability, combining an ADS source and kcode-mode (for criticality calculations). The multiplication factor (keff) evolution, the neutron energy spectra in the core at BOL, and the nuclear fuel evolution during the burnup were evaluated. The results indicated that the combined use ofT232hO2and reprocessed fuel allowedU233production without the initial requirement ofU233enrichment.

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Radiotoxicity hazard of U-free PuO2+ZrO2 and PuO2+ThO2 spent fuels in LWR

Cited by 9 publications

References 2 publications

Comparison of the Burnup Characteristics and Radiotoxicity Hazards of Rock-like Oxide Fuel with Different Types of Additives

Comparison of the Burnup Characteristics and Radiotoxicity Hazards of Rock-like Oxide Fuel with Different Types of Additives

Proposal for improved nuclear fuel utilisation and economic performance by utilising thorium

Study of an ADS Loaded with Thorium and Reprocessed Fuel

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