Radon and Thoron Exhalation Rates from Surface Soil of Bangka - Belitung Islands, Indonesia

Syarbaini, Syarbaini; Pudjadi, Eko

doi:10.17014/ijog.2.1.35-42

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is worth noting that use of soil as a building material is a common practice in Kenya. Thoron exhalation rate from soil can be many times higher than that of radon (4, 5) hence the likelihood of elevated thoron concentrations in earthen dwellings. This has been observed in cave dwellings in China (6).…”

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confidence: 99%

Radon and Thoron; Radioactive Gases Lurking in Earthen Houses in Rural Kenya

Chege

Hashim

Nyambura

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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In this paper, documented studies on radon and thoron concentrations in earthen dwellings and 238 U and 232 Th concentrations in soil in Kenya are reviewed. High concentrations of the isotopes were recorded in the earthen dwellings despite being generally well ventilated. Mrima Hill in the Coast region recorded the highest thoron levels with a mean of 652 Bq m −3 . Twenty five percent of dwellings had thoron concentration in excess of 1,000 Bq m −3 . Notably high indoor radon levels were recorded in Taita Taveta also in the Coast region, and in Kenyatta University situated in Nairobi in the Central region of the country. Radon concentration in the Rift Valley region was found to be too low to contribute significantly to radiation exposure. Based on studies on the concentration of 238 U and 232 Th in soil, the Southwestern region of the country was anticipated to have elevated radon/thoron concentrations in earthen dwellings. Existing studies involving measurement of indoor radon and thoron, and 226 Ra and 232 Th in soil are relatively few and of a small scale. More extensive studies are therefore necessary not only to corroborate the risk projections but to also generate sufficient data to enable countrywide mapping of indoor radon/thoron risk-prone areas.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radon and Thoron; Radioactive Gases Lurking in Earthen Houses in Rural Kenya

Chege

Hashim

Nyambura

et al. 2019

Front. Public Health

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“…Rn exhalation rate were also of concern [16,17]. 222 Rn/ 220 Rn levels of soil-gas were carried out in Al-Kufa City in Iraq [18].…”

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The characteristics of radon and thoron concentration from soil gas in Shenzhen City of Southern China

et al. 2016

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Radon (222Rn) and thoron (220Rn) from soil gas are very significant factors that can affect the indoor radon level in the first floor or in the basement. China is one of the countries with the highest thorium content in the world. Therefore, it is very significant to study 222Rn/220Rn concentration in the soil in Shenzhen City (SC). A 222Rn/220Rn survey was performed using a portable radon monitor (model RAD7) at 69 sites, covered a total area of 1800 km2 in 2013 to get the original data for radon risk estimation in SC. The average values of 222Rn and 220Rn concentration of soil gas of the total 69 locations are 86 ± 72 kBq·m−3 and 118 ± 85 kBq·m−3, respectively. 222Rn/220Rn concentrations are related to geological lithology. 222Rn concentrations vary from 40 to 370 kBq·m−3 and from 15 to 118 kBq·m−3 in weathered granite products and sediments, respectively, while 220Rn concentrations are from 103 to 435 kBq·m−3 and 2.2 to 96 kBq·m−3. The higher 220Rn values were mainly observed at the sites covered by the weathered granite products. Comparing with the areas of high 222Rn concentration, the areas of high 220Rn values are larger. The distribution of 222Rn concentration in the vertical direction displays an exponential distribution mode, but there is no rule of 220Rn concentration. The investigation suggests that people should pay attention to 220Rn contribution in the radon mapping of SC, as well as in the indoor radon survey.

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