Radon exhalation from a ground surface during a cold snow season

Yamazawa, Hiromi; Miyazaki, Takashi; Moriizumi, Jun; Iida, Takao; Takeda, Seiji; Nagara, S.; Sato, Kazuhiko; Tokizawa, Takayuki

doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.11.153

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Both methods assume different signatures in the FT and the IL. 222 Rn is naturally emitted from ice-free land surfaces (Yamazawa et al, 2005;Griffiths et al, 2014) and has a halflife of less than 4 days. Hence, elevated 222 Rn concentrations at the JFJ are a good indicator for influence of air masses with boundary layer origin.…”

Section: Characterising Air Masses: Influence Of the Planetary Boundamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fourteen months of on-line measurements of the non-refractory submicron aerosol at the Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) – chemical composition, origins and organic aerosol sources

et al. 2015

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Abstract. Chemically resolved (organic, nitrate, sulfate, ammonium) data of non-refractory submicron (NR-PM1) aerosol from the first long-term deployment (27 July 2012 to 02 October 2013) of a time-of-flight aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ToF-ACSM) at the Swiss high-altitude site Jungfraujoch (JFJ; 3580 m a.s.l.) are presented. Besides total mass loadings, diurnal variations and relative species contributions during the different meteorological seasons, geographical origin and sources of organic aerosol (OA) are discussed. Backward transport simulations show that the highest (especially sulfate) concentrations of NR-PM1 were measured in air masses advected to the station from regions south of the JFJ, while lowest concentrations were seen from western regions. OA source apportionment for each season was performed using the Source Finder (SoFi) interface for the multilinear engine (ME-2). OA was dominated in all seasons by oxygenated OA (OOA, 71–88 %), with lesser contributions from local tourism-related activities (7–12 %) and hydrocarbon-like OA related to regional vertical transport (3–9 %). In summer the OOA can be separated into a background low-volatility OA (LV-OOA I, possibly associated with long-range transport) and a slightly less oxidised low-volatility OA (LV-OOA II) associated with regional vertical transport. Wood burning-related OA associated with regional transport was detected during the whole winter 2012/2013 and during rare events in summer 2013, in the latter case attributed to small-scale transport for the surrounding valleys. Additionally, the data were divided into periods with free tropospheric (FT) conditions and periods with planetary boundary layer (PBL) influence, enabling the assessment of the composition for each. Most nitrate and part of the OA are injected from the regional PBL, while sulfate is mainly produced in the FT. The south/north gradient of sulfate is also pronounced in FT air masses (sulfate mass fraction from the south: 45 %; from the north: 29 %). Furthermore, a detailed investigation of specific marker fragments of the OA spectra (f43, f44, f55, f57, f60) showed different degrees of ageing depending on season.

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Section: Characterising Air Masses: Influence Of the Planetary Boundamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, because of the complexity and cost of the instrument, most AMS measurements cover only a few days to weeks of sampling. Exceptions are a 1-year continuous AMS measurement in London by Young et al (2015) and a 3-year data set from Mace Head by Ovadnevaite et al (2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourteen months of on-line measurements of the non-refractory submicron aerosol at the Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) – chemical composition, origins and organic aerosol sources

et al. 2015

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“…With a half-life of 3.8 d, its tropospheric background concentration is low and temporal variations caused by changes in atmospheric transport are more clearly detectable than for other tracers with longer atmospheric lifetimes. Furthermore, seasonal snow cover attenuates emissions (Yamazawa et al, 2005) and we assume that emissions are negligible in the area with permanent snow cover surrounding Jungfraujoch, even though there are reports of sites above the snow line where the snow cover does allow radon to escape from the bedrock below (Pourchet et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Radon has been used for the estimation of local to regional surface emissions of trace gases (van der Laan et al, 2014), and has been incorporated into transport models as an auxiliary diagnostic of mixing (Vogel et al, 2013) or for testing transport or parameterisations (Feichter and Crutzen, 1990;Zhang et al, 2008). Other applications of groundbased detectors are reviewed by Zahorowski et al (2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface-to-mountaintop transport characterised by radon observations at the Jungfraujoch

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Atmospheric composition measurements at Jungfraujoch are affected intermittently by boundary-layer air which is brought to the station by processes including thermally driven (anabatic) mountain winds. Using observations of radon-222, and a new objective analysis method, we quantify the land-surface influence at Jungfraujoch hour by hour and detect the presence of anabatic winds on a daily basis. During 2010-2011, anabatic winds occurred on 40 % of days, but only from April to September. Anabatic wind days were associated with warmer air temperatures over a large fraction of Europe and with a shift in air-mass properties, even when comparing days with a similar mean radon concentration. Excluding days with anabatic winds, however, did not lead to a better definition of the unperturbed aerosol background than a definition based on radon alone. This implies that a radon threshold reliably excludes local influences from both anabatic and non-anabatic vertical-transport processes.

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“…3). Yamazawa et al (2005) measured radon concentrations in snow pore to find that they were highly variable depending on the wind conditions with values between 0.5 and 4.0 kBq m -3 at the middle of the snowpack of 1.22 m in depth. Without data on wind speed at our site but with those from Sapporo District Meteorological Observatory (http://www.jma-net.go.jp/sapporo/), no special relationship was obtained between 222 Rn in snow and wind speed in this study.…”

Section: Semi-natural Woods On the Campus Of Hokkaido University In Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil radon in winter months under snowpack in Hokkaido, Japan

et al. 2013

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Radon exhalation from a ground surface during a cold snow season

Cited by 11 publications

References 3 publications

Fourteen months of on-line measurements of the non-refractory submicron aerosol at the Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) – chemical composition, origins and organic aerosol sources

Fourteen months of on-line measurements of the non-refractory submicron aerosol at the Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) – chemical composition, origins and organic aerosol sources

Surface-to-mountaintop transport characterised by radon observations at the Jungfraujoch

Soil radon in winter months under snowpack in Hokkaido, Japan

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