Raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) wine extenuates redox imbalance and modulates activities of glycolytic and cholinergic enzymes in hyperglycemia-induced testicular injury in type 2 diabetic rats

Abstract

This study investigated the effects of Raffia palm wine (RPW) on redox imbalance, glycolytic and cholinergic enzymes, and ATPase activities in hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative testicular injury. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced in male albino rats (Sprague‐Dawley) by first administering 10% fructose solution for 14 days, before injecting with an intraperitoneal injection (40 mg/kg body weight) of streptozotocin. Raffia palm wine was administered to two diabetic groups at 150 and 300 mg/kg body weight (bw), when untreated diabetic group was used as a negative control, and metformin‐fed group was served as a positive control. The rats were sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment, and testes were harvested. Treatment with RPW led to lower levels of nitric oxide, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase activity, with concomitant elevation of reduced glutathione level, superoxide dismutase, catalase and ATPase activities. Raffia palm wine also inhibited glycogen phosphorylase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase, while restoring the altered testicular morphology to near‐normal. The results of this study suggest the therapeutic potentials of RPW against the effects of T2D on testicular functions and morphology. Practical applications Diabetes mellitus is one of the fastest growing global epidemy, with most developing countries being at the receiving end owing to the cost of treatment. Testicular damage has been recognized as one of the complications of diabetes, and if left untreated will lead to erectile dysfunction followed by infertility. Raffia palm wine is among the common natural beverage in West Africa, which is utilized for both social and medicinal purposes. In this study, for the first time we showed its ability to protect diabetes‐induced testicular injury in type 2 diabetic rats. This may be of great benefit in managing diabetes associated erectly dysfunction and male infertility, as Raffia palm wine is readily available in all seasons. This study will also improve the medicinal use of this wine, which may also indirectly improve its commercial benefit.

Oxidative testicular injury: effect of l-leucine on redox, cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions, and dysregulated metabolic pathways

“…In this study, the therapeutic effect of the BCAA, l-leucine was investigated on oxidative testicular injury. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the dysfunction of the male reproductive system, which has been attributed to the high susceptibility of the testicular polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to free radical attack (Erukainure et al 2019b;Obode et al 2015). The depleted GSH and non-protein thiol levels, SOD and catalase activities in the untreated tissues (Fig.…”

“…Oxidative stress has been recognized as one of the main stimuli that triggers the pathogenesis and progression of testicular dysfunction (Erukainure et al 2019b). This can be attributed to the high concentration of unsaturated fatty acids in the testes and sperm cells, which are susceptible to peroxidative damage (Aitken and Roman 2008).…”

The beneficial effects of Agaricus blazei Murrill on hepatic antioxidant enzymes and the pancreatic tissue recovery in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats

“…Erukainure, Reddy, and Islam (2019) reported that Raffia palm wine inhibited glycogen phosphorylase, glucose‐6‐phosphatase, fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase, and acetylcholinesterase. Raffia palm wine had the therapeutic potentials against the effects of hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative testicular injury.…”

“…Insulin resistance occurs when excess glucose in the blood reduces the ability of the cells to absorb and use blood sugar for energy. Thus, the pancreas makes more insulin to overcome the low rate of absorption and keep blood sugar levels down (Erukainure et al, 2019). Mei et al (2016) reported that Phlorizin administration prevented the increases of fasting serum insulin concentration and HOMA‐IR in db/db mice.…”

Ocimum tenuiflorum mitigates iron‐induced testicular toxicity via modulation of redox imbalance, cholinergic and purinergic dysfunctions, and glucose metabolizing enzymes activities

“…The nitric oxide (NO) concentration was determined with Griess method of Erukainure et al. (2019) and Tsikas (2005). Briefly, 100 μl of testes supernatant or blank (distilled water) was added to 100 ml of Griess reagent and incubated for 30 min at 25°C in a dark chamber.…”