Raffinose synthase enhances drought tolerance through raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis in maize and Arabidopsis plants

Li, Tao; Zhang, Yumin; Liu, Ying; Li, Xudong; Hao, Guanglong; Han, Qiang; Dirk, Lynnette M.A.; Downie, A. Bruce; Ruan, Yong‐Ling; Wang, Jianmin; Wang, Guoying; Zhao, Tianyong

doi:10.1074/jbc.ra120.013948

Cited by 113 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…As a ROS scavenger, raffinose and galactinol may mitigate oxidative damage under abiotic stress conditions. For instance, maize/corn ( Zea mays ) RAFFINOSE SYNTHASE ( ZmRAFS ) enhances plant drought tolerance through either the synthesis of more raffinose or by generating more myo-inositol via hydrolysis of galactinol [ 30 ]. Raffinose and myo-inositol accumulated significantly under salt stress ( Figure 5 A), suggesting that they may enhance the tolerance of D. officinale seedlings to salt stress.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Salt-Stress Responses of Leaf Tissues from Dendrobium officinale

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo is a precious traditional Chinese medicine. Despite D. officinale displaying a good salt-tolerance level, the yield and growth of D. officinale were impaired drastically by the increasing soil secondary salinization. The molecular mechanisms of D. officinale plants’ adaptation to salt stress are not well documented. Therefore, in the present study, D. officinale plants were treated with 250 mM NaCl. Transcriptome analysis showed that salt stress significantly altered various metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis, and α-linolenic acid metabolism, and significantly upregulated the mRNA expression levels of DoAOC, DoAOS, DoLOX2S, DoMFP, and DoOPR involved in the jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis pathway, as well as rutin synthesis genes involved in the flavonoid synthesis pathway. In addition, metabolomics analysis showed that salt stress induced the accumulation of some compounds in D. officinale leaves, especially flavonoids, sugars, and alkaloids, which may play an important role in salt-stress responses of leaf tissues from D. officinale. Moreover, salt stress could trigger JA biosynthesis, and JA may act as a signal molecule that promotes flavonoid biosynthesis in D. officinale leaves. To sum up, D. officinale plants adapted to salt stress by enhancing the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Salt-Stress Responses of Leaf Tissues from Dendrobium officinale

Zhang

Zeng

et al. 2021

Biomolecules

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“…In addition to the most ABA metabolism and signaling genes, the lightyellow and midnightblue modules include numerous genes involved in plastid function like plastid transkelotases and the chloroplastic 50S ribosome subunit (Additional File 7). Other genes in these modules include aquaporins, ion transporters, ascorbate oxidase, galactinol synthase, and cysteine and sulfur regulatory genes, which have known associations to ABA [38,[103][104][105] (Additional File 7). GO enrichment analysis further supported NCED3 as a hub gene with biosynthetic and abiotic stress response terms linked to the lightyellow and midnightblue modules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SNRK2s activate ABA responsive transcription factors (TFs) including AREBs [26,27], ABFs [19,[28][29][30], ABIs [31,32], and many others. This core ABA signaling pathway activates the transcription of numerous downstream targets including aquaporins [33][34][35], suberin TFs [36,37], galactinol synthases [38,39], and RDs [40,41] that ultimately result in physiological changes that better allow a plant to survive under adverse conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abscisic Acid Metabolism in Leaves and Roots of Four Vitis Species in Response to Water Deficit

Toups¹,

Cochetel²,

Galdamez³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Abscisic acid is a phytohormone involved in water deficit response. Abscisic acid metabolism is regulated by biosynthesis, conjugation, and catabolism. NCED3 is the rate limiting step of abscisic acid biosynthesis and is a key contributor to plant water deficit responses. In this study NCED3 transcript accumulation and abscisic acid metabolism were further characterized as key water deficit responses in four Vitis species (Vitis vinifera (Cabernet Sauvignon), Vitis champinii (Ramsey), Vitis riparia (Riparia Gloire), and Vitis vinifera x Vitis girdiana (SC2)) under three levels of water deficit in leaves and roots. Results: The concentrations of abscisic acid and derivative metabolites increased with water deficit and was dependent upon the species. RNA-Seq and RT-qPCR data were consistent with the changes in abscisic acid metabolite concentrations; the corresponding transcript abundances substantiate NCED3 as a key gene in the water deficit response; however, NCED3 protein concentrations assayed in Western Blots were not affected. Major differences in abscisic acid metabolism at the gene, protein, and metabolite levels were detected between leaves and roots in these four species. NCED3 transcript abundance and abscisic acid concentration in drought-tolerant Ramsey increased earlier and more significantly than the other species during long-term, moderate to severe water deficits but were not stimulated as much by short-term, rapid dehydration. In drought-sensitive Riparia, NCED3 transcript abundance and abscisic acid metabolite concentrations increased to a lower extent than in Ramsey during moderate to severe water deficits, but short-term rapid dehydration induced a significantly higher abscisic acid concentration in Riparia than Ramsey. Conclusions: Grapevine species have distinct abscisic acid metabolism that depends highly on the severity and duration of stress and organ (leaves or roots). This study confirms that abscisic acid metabolism and NCED3 are part of a core water deficit response in Vitis species. Relative quantities of transcripts, proteins, abscisic acid and derivative metabolites were determined, but many aspects of abscisic acid metabolism and water deficit responses warrant additional investigation. This study provides a better understanding of how Vitis is adapted to dry environments, which may be exploited for future breeding programs.

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“…Raffinose is known to accumulate under abiotic stress conditions such as drought (Li et al, 2020) or cold in different plant species including Arabidopsis and rice ( Oryza sativa ) (Saito and Yoshida, 2011; Taji et al, 2002). Raffinose is synthesized by a transfer reaction of galactosyl units to sucrose, involving the enzymes galactinol synthase (GOLS) and raffinose synthase (RS) ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-triggered induction of ROS- and raffinose-related metabolism in freezing-sensitive taproot tissue of sugar beet

Keller

Müdsam

Rodrigues

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris ) is the exclusive source of sugar in the form of sucrose in temperate climate zones. There, sugar beet is grown as an annual crop from spring to autumn because of the damaging effect of freezing temperatures to taproot tissue. Natural and breeded varieties display variance in the degree of tolerance to freezing temperatures and genotypes with elevated tolerance to freezing have been isolated. Here we compare initial responses to frost between genotypes with either low and high winter survival rates. The selected genotypes differed in the severity of frost injury. We combined transcriptomic and metabolite analyses of leaf- and taproot tissues from such genotypes to elucidate mechanisms of the early freezing response and to dissect genotype- and tissue-dependent responses. Freezing temperatures induced drastic downregulation of photosynthesis-related genes in leaves but upregulation of genes related to minor carbohydrate metabolism, particularly of genes involved in raffinose metabolism in both, leaf and taproot tissue. In agreement with this, it has been revealed that raffinose and the corresponding intermediates, inositol and galactinol, increased markedly in these tissues. We found that genotypes with improved tolerance to freezing, showed higher accumulation of raffinose in a defined interior region within the upper part of the taproot, the pith, representing the tissue most susceptible to freeze damages. This accumulation was accompanied by specific upregulation of raffinose synthesizing enzymes in taproots, suggesting a protective role for raffinose and its precursors for freezing damage in sugar beet.

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Raffinose synthase enhances drought tolerance through raffinose synthesis or galactinol hydrolysis in maize and Arabidopsis plants

Cited by 113 publications

References 41 publications

Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Salt-Stress Responses of Leaf Tissues from Dendrobium officinale

Transcriptome and Metabolome Reveal Salt-Stress Responses of Leaf Tissues from Dendrobium officinale

Abscisic Acid Metabolism in Leaves and Roots of Four Vitis Species in Response to Water Deficit

Cold-triggered induction of ROS- and raffinose-related metabolism in freezing-sensitive taproot tissue of sugar beet

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