Rafts and the battleships of defense: The multifaceted microdomains for positive and negative signals in immune cells

Szöór, A; Szöllősi, János; Vereb, György

doi:10.1016/j.imlet.2009.12.016

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 184 publications

(180 reference statements)

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“…Lipids constitute a fundamentally important group of diverse metabolites, with critical structural and functional roles within the biological organism. More specifically, many lipid species have been shown to have key roles in such diverse biological processes as signal transduction, membrane trafficking and sorting, morphogenesis, and proliferation [4-6]. While it remains unclear whether perturbations in lipid metabolism are the cause or simply a downstream effect in the development of chronic disease, modifying lipid levels by medical and/or lifestyle interventions remains a primary goal for health management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease

2010

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Perturbations in lipid metabolism characterize many of the chronic diseases currently plaguing our society, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Thus interventions that target plasma lipid levels remain a primary goal to manage these diseases. The determinants of plasma lipid levels are multi-factorial, consisting of both genetic and lifestyle components. Recent evidence indicates that fatty acid desaturases have an important role in defining plasma and tissue lipid profiles. This review will highlight the current state-of-knowledge regarding three desaturases (Scd-1, Fads1 and Fads2) and their potential roles in disease onset and development. Although research in rodent models has provided invaluable insight into the regulation and functions of these desaturases, the extent to which murine research can be translated to humans remains unclear. Evidence emerging from human-based research demonstrates that genetic variation in human desaturase genes affects enzyme activity and, consequently, disease risk factors. Moreover, this genetic variation may have a trans-generational effect via breastfeeding. Therefore inter-individual variation in desaturase function is attributed to both genetic and lifestyle components. As such, population-based research regarding the role of desaturases on disease risk is challenged by this complex gene-lifestyle paradigm. Unravelling the contribution of each component is paramount for understanding the inter-individual variation that exists in plasma lipid profiles, and will provide crucial information to develop personalized strategies to improve health management.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease

2010

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“…They contain high levels of cholesterol, sphingolipids (such as sphingomyelin), and gangliosides. Lipid rafts selectively concentrate glycosylphosphatidylinositol- (GPI-) anchored proteins on their outer side and proteins anchored by saturated palmitoyl or myristoyl groups and cholesterol-binding proteins on the cytoplasmic side [25–29]. Their lipid composition (Figure 1), with a preponderance of longer saturated hydrocarbon chains that potentiate interdigitation between leaflets [30] and favors interaction with cholesterol [31], allows cholesterol to be tightly intercalated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid rafts are characterized by high melting temperature and a resistance to solubilization in nonionic detergents such as Triton X-100, at low temperature [34]. They are dynamic in that both proteins and lipids can move in and out of raft domains with different partitioning kinetics [28], as well as by coalescing or by breaking up into smaller units [29]. Lipid rafts can also form stabile platforms that are important in signaling, viral infection, and membrane trafficking [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lipid microdomains are variable in stability, size, shape, lifetime, and molecular composition [29, 37]. Due to differing molecular composition, studies of lipid rafts have also been complicated by imprecise nomenclature [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wealth of biochemical and genetic data have lent credence to the notion that raft function as a specialized signaling platform in cell membranes [59–65]. Most likely, the function of rafts is aided by stimulation-induced association and recruitment of various molecules with raft affinity, as well as varying degrees of raft engagement with the cytoskeleton [3, 4, 29]. Lipid rafts are also thought to be important sites for protein tyrosine kinase-mediated protein-protein interactions that are involved in the initiation of receptor signaling pathways [5, 6, 16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lipid Rafts in Mast Cell Biology

et al. 2011

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Mast cells have long been recognized to have a direct and critical role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. In allergic diseases, these cells exert both local and systemic responses, including allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis. Mast cell mediators are also related to many chronic inflammatory conditions. Besides the roles in pathological conditions, the biological functions of mast cells include roles in innate immunity, involvement in host defense mechanisms against parasites, immunomodulation of the immune system, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. Despite their growing significance in physiological and pathological conditions, much still remains to be learned about mast cell biology. This paper presents evidence that lipid rafts or raft components modulate many of the biological processes in mast cells, such as degranulation and endocytosis, play a role in mast cell development and recruitment, and contribute to the overall preservation of mast cell structure and organization.

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Effect of oxidative stress on plasma membrane fluidity of THP-1 induced macrophages

Haba

Palacio

Martı́nez

et al. 2013

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes

104

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Plasma membrane is one of the preferential targets of reactive oxygen species which cause lipid peroxidation. This process modifies membrane properties such as membrane fluidity, a very important physical feature known to modulate membrane protein localization and function. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of oxidative stress on plasma membrane fluidity regionalization of single living THP-1 macrophages. These cells were oxidized with H(2)O(2) at different concentrations, and plasma membrane fluidity was analyzed by two-photon microscopy in combination with the environment-sensitive probe Laurdan. Results show a significant H(2)O(2) concentration dependent increase in the frequency of rigid lipid regions, mainly attributable to lipid rafts, at the expense of the intermediate fluidity regions. A novel statistical analysis evaluated changes in size and number of lipid raft domains under oxidative stress conditions, as lipid rafts are platforms aiding cell signaling and are thought to have relevant roles in macrophage functions. It is shown that H(2)O(2) causes an increase in the number, but not the size, of raft domains. As macrophages are highly resistant to H(2)O(2), these new raft domains might be involved in cell survival pathways.

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Rafts and the battleships of defense: The multifaceted microdomains for positive and negative signals in immune cells

Cited by 13 publications

References 184 publications

Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease

Genetic variation in lipid desaturases and its impact on the development of human disease

Lipid Rafts in Mast Cell Biology

Effect of oxidative stress on plasma membrane fluidity of THP-1 induced macrophages

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