“…RAGE consists of three extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a V-type Ig domain (residues 23-119) and two C-type Ig domains (C1 and C2) (residues 120-233 and residues 234-325, respectively), a trans-membrane helix, and a short cytoplasmic tail (CT). RAGE signaling plays a central role in the inflammatory response, mediating aspects of immunity, acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, complications of diabetes, and certain cancers (Hofmann et al, 1999; Liliensiek et al, 2004; Medapati et al, 2015; Schmidt et al, 2001; Taguchi et al, 2000; van Zoelen et al, 2009). As a pattern recognition receptor(Xie et al, 2008), RAGE binds diverse families of ligands, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs) (Kislinger et al, 1999; Neeper et al, 1992; Xie et al, 2008; Xue et al, 2011), S100/calgranulins (Hofmann et al, 1999; Koch et al, 2010), High Mobility Group Box-1 (HMGB1)(Taguchi et al, 2000) proteins, amyloid-β peptides (Aβ), β-sheet fibrils (Yan et al, 1996), lysophosphatidic acid (Rai et al, 2012b), and phosphatidylserine (He et al, 2011).…”