Raids, Migrations, and Kingdoms

Näsman, Ulf

doi:10.1034/j.1600-0390.2000.d01-1.x

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…2) [464] Selective antagonists pirenzepine (pK i 7.6-8.3) [281,555,904,993,1086,2526], VU0255035 (pK i 7.8) [2142] AFDX384 (pK i 8.1-8.2) [464,555] Allosteric modulators muscarinic toxin 7 (Negative) (pK i 11-11.1) [679,1696,1787], benzoquinazolinone 12 (Positive) (pK B 6.6) [6], KT 5720 (Positive) (pK d 6.4) [1310], brucine (Positive) (pK d 4.5-5.8) [180,1051,1309], BQCA (Positive) (pK B 4-4.8) [6,7,306,1455], VU0029767 (Positive) [1511], VU0090157 (Positive) [1511] gallamine (Negative) (pK i 5.8-7.6) [1239,1626,2375], W-84 (Negative) (pK d 6-7.5) [1608,2375], C 7 /3-phth (Negative) (pK d 7.1) [88,410], alcuronium (Negative) (pK d 6.1-6.9) [88,1051,2375], gallamine (Negative) (pK d 5.9-6.3) [424,1307], LY2119620 (Positive) (pK d 5.5-5.7) [465,1253]…”

Section: Further Reading On Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein‐coupled receptors

Alexander

Christopoulos

Davenport

et al. 2021

British J Pharmacology

385

274

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The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (https://www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein‐coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.

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Section: Further Reading On Acetylcholine Receptors (Muscarinic)mentioning

confidence: 99%

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein‐coupled receptors

Alexander

Christopoulos

Davenport

et al. 2021

British J Pharmacology

385

274

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Royal power arose as early as 700 AD, and from the 8th to the 11th century, Scandinavians were known as Vikings (KurrildKlitgaard & Svendsen 2003). Recent research has shown that the centralization of political and 1 See also the discussion on the role of legal enforcement in Edwards & Ogilvie (2012) and Greif (2012). military power probably took place much earlier, namely, during the 5th and 6th centuries (Näsman 2000). This also helps to explain the highly organized and coordinated nature of most Viking fleet raids (e.g., Jensen 2006: 425-426; Barrett et al 2000: 2).…”

Section: From Plunder To Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the picture that has prevailed ever since. Due to this bad reputation, the Vikings' skills as long-distance traders to the economic benefit of themselves and their trading partners have been somewhat overlooked (Näsman 2000;Langer 2002;Coupland 2003).2 Interestingly, historical evidence documents that the profits from Viking raids abroad, as measured in silver, declined during the 9th century. Vikings engaging in roving banditry eventually saw almost no profits from plundering, due to an increasing number of competitors.…”

Section: Switching Between Two Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

How did trade norms evolve in Scandinavia? Long-distance trade and social trust in the Viking age

Svendsen

2016

Economic Systems

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As the saying goes, "it takes years to build up trust and only seconds to destroy it." In this paper, we argue that this is indeed the case when explaining trust formation in Scandinavia. Hence, in an attempt to explain why the Scandinavian welfare states hold the highest social trust scores in the world today, we argue that one possible historical root of social trust may be long-distance trade practices of the Viking age. To manage the risk of being cheated, trade between strangers in an oral world required a strong informal institution of trust-based trade norms out of necessity to deal with the risk of being cheated. In contrast to similar cases like the famous medieval Maghribi traders who counted on writing (Greif 1989), the punishment of cheaters could not be supported by written documents such as legal documents and letters, as the large majority of Vikings were non-literate. If a trader did not keep his word, social sanctioning by word of mouth was most likely the only method to discipline the cheater and prevent future free-rider behavior. The early rise of trust-based trade norms in Scandinavia is an overlooked factor in the region's long-term socio-economic development and social trust accumulation. This result points to the importance of free trade today, especially in poor countries with low levels of economic development and high rates of nonliteracy.

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“…While the early raids would hardly have been possible without the coincidence of a number of interlinked phenomena, such as the introduction of the sail, these, in turn, are most likely to have been born out of, or employed as a direct result of social or economic crises. Of those postulated to date, perhaps the most compelling is the disruption of external revenue streams and resulting destabilization of the elite gift economy (e.g., Barrett 2008a, Hernaes 1997, Näsman 2000, cf. Samson 1991.…”

Section: Stagementioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Viking Migration to the Inner Hebrides

Macniven

2013

Journal of the North Atlantic

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Until recently, the idea of large-scale Viking settlement in Scotland's Inner Hebrides was considered unlikely. Despite a conspicuous absence of documentary evidence, the area's long-standing Gaelic heritage was seen as proof of linguistic and cultural continuity from its Dalriadan heyday. By developing the narrative to consider other types of evidence, however, it is clear that the Norse impact on these islands was far from insignificant. This paper will review the historical record in the light of material evidence and linguistic artifacts such as place-names. After questioning aspects of currently popular approaches to "predatory" migration, it will then examine how reappraisal of the practicalities of Viking Age immigration might help to inform a revised model for Norse settlement in the region.

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Raids, Migrations, and Kingdoms

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein‐coupled receptors

THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein‐coupled receptors

How did trade norms evolve in Scandinavia? Long-distance trade and social trust in the Viking age

Modelling Viking Migration to the Inner Hebrides

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