Railway Development and Air Patronage in China, 1993–2012: Implications for Low‐carbon Transport

Li, Linna; Loo, Becky P.Y.

doi:10.1111/jors.12276

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…The aggregate effect of HSR on carbon emissions depends on the comparative magnitudes of the substitution and consumption promotion effect. [23,24]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint

Strauss

2019

Sustainability

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Rapid urbanization and industrialization in Chinese cities have substantially elevated carbon emissions, and transportation plays a major role in these emissions. Due to data availability, research on the impact of both high-speed rail (HSR) and other urban transportation modes on urban carbon emissions is rare. Using a relatively large panel of 194 Chinese cities from 2008–2013, we examine the impact of HSR, conventional rail, bus, roads, and subways on urban carbon emissions. We further document the interaction of these transport modes with geo-economic variables, and more accurately measure HSR’s impact on emissions using a comprehensive accessibility metric. During this time, China developed, constructed and began to operate an extensive HSR network. Our results show that increases in HSR lead to rises in carbon emissions, emissions per GDP unit and per capita. We also find that transportation’s impact on carbon emissions differs by city size and region, and transportation modes significantly interact with GDP, population and urban area to affect carbon emissions. These interactions imply that the government’s promotion of HSR over conventional rail may have unintended consequences and boost urban carbon emissions.

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“…The aggregate effect of HSR on carbon emissions depends on the comparative magnitudes of the substitution and consumption promotion effect. [23,24]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Panel Investigation of High-Speed Rail (HSR) and Urban Transport on China’s Carbon Footprint

Strauss

2019

Sustainability

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“…These are unable to accurately reflect the influence of HSR related to geographic transportation factors such as travel time, frequency, and ticket fare. Other researchers have used transportation variables of HSR such as travel time, the frequency of trains (Clewlow, Sussman, & Balakrishnan, 2014;Dobruszkes et al, 2014;Zhang, Yang, & Wang, 2017) and the length of railway networks (Li & Loo, 2016) to specify the influence of HSR on airlines using either time series (temporal dimension) or cross-section (spatial dimension) analysis.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We use the natural logarithm transformation on the dependent and independent variables to reflect the elasticity relationships. It should be noticed that regarding the causality between the HSR travel and air travel, by controlling other major influencing factors of air passenger numbers, the analysis in this paper focuses on association rather than direct causality (Li & Loo, 2016).…”

Section: Overview Of Variables and Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ex-ante studies of HSR and aviation demand have been conducted intensively, primarily predicting the intermodal market share and focusing on a handful of major corridors where HSR development has occurred (Gonzalez-Savignat, 2004;Mao, 2010;Park & Ha, 2006;Román, Espino, & Martín, 2007). In contrast, very often a lot of ex-post studies such as reports, white papers conducted or commissioned by transportation companies are unavailable to the public due to due to the confidentiality of the operational data from the transportation companies (Dobruszkes, Dehon, & Givoni, 2014;Li & Loo, 2016). Expost research is further relatively limited in academia, especially in China with a strong governmental control on the railway and aviation industry and the application of relevant HSR geo-economic and transportation variables is rather crude in the data and model application.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The implications of high-speed railways on air passenger flows in China

Yang

Burghouwt²,

Wang

et al. 2018

Applied Geography

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A B S T R A C TThe High-speed Railway (HSR) network in China is the largest in the world, competing intensively with airlines for inter-city travel. Panel data from 2007 to 2013 for 138 routes with HSR-air competition were used to identify the ex-post impacts of the entry of HSR services, the duration of operating HSR services since entry, and the specific impacts of HSR transportation variables such as travel time, frequency, and ticket fares on air passenger flows in China. The findings show that the entry of new HSR services in general leads to a 27% reduction in air travel demand. After two years of operating HSR services, however, the negative impact of HSR services on air passenger flows tends to further increase. The variations of the frequency in the temporal dimension and the travel time in the spatial dimension significantly affect air passenger flows. Neither in the temporal nor spatial dimensions are HSR fares strongly related to air passenger flows in China, due to the government regulation of HSR ticket prices during the period of analysis. The impacts of different transportation variables found in this paper are valuable to consider by operational HSR companies in terms of scheduling and planning of new routes to increase their competitiveness relative to airlines.

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“…During the past decades, China has transformed its railways, both by extending the system into previously under‐ or un‐served areas and by accelerating rail speeds with what is now the world's largest network of high speed rail. Using panel data from 1993 to 2012, Li and Loo () investigate the competition between railway and air transport resulting from China's recent railway development. They find that both system extension and acceleration (higher speeds) have negative associations with the number of air passengers between city pairs.…”

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confidence: 99%