Railway Energy Management System: Centralized–Decentralized Automation Architecture

Abstract

The modern railway system is a massive grid connected complex system with distributed active loads (trains), sources (particularly distributed renewable sources), and storage (wayside or on-board storage systems). Its energy management therefore requires the concepts and techniques used for managing energy in the smart grid (SG). Accordingly, the new railway energy management system (REM-S) is developed to integrate on-board, wayside, and coordination services. REM-S is driven by the idea that regeneration, loads, storage, and volatile distributed energy resources should be coordinated dynamically to achieve optimal energy usage. This paper presents the proposed REM-S architecture, which is based on a hybrid centralized-decentralized concept and developed according to SG architecture model framework.Index Terms-Automation architecture, energy management, railway system, smart grid (SG).

Applying the Smart Grid Architecture Model for Designing and Validating System-of-Systems in the Power and Energy Domain: A European Perspective

“…Further examples can be found where the SGAM has been used to describe use cases. The following list gives a first overview of the manifold application possibilities: ICT planning approach that can be used in combination with distribution network planning processes and tools [63]; • Development of a railway energy management system by using the SGAM model and methods [64]; • Design of an architecture of a distribution grid automation system focusing on PMU-based monitoring functions accommodating for key dynamic information exchange between TSOs and DSOs [65]; and • SGAM-based explanation of Smart Grids in order to present Big Data analytics [66].…”

Energy-Storage-Based Smart Electrical Infrastructure and Regenerative Braking Energy Management in AC-Fed Railways with Neutral Zones

“…The centralized architecture can perform a global optimization to achieve the cooperative operations between each component, significantly enhancing the energy-management performance of the systems. The distributed control can further enhance redundancy and reliability of the railway systems [31,33]. Each EPTD and PTD can realize data acquisition (DA) of voltage and current on each power supply section and transmit the data to the EMS via the bidirectional communication equipment.…”

“…According to market price fluctuations in the electricity market, buying energy at low prices during valley power duration by storing it in ESSs, and when the price is higher, using it to power. In this way, the cost can be reduced even without reducing the total energy consumption [31].…”

“…The feasibility of the additional functions of power quality improvement, peak cutting and valley filling, management and control for clean energy, active control for line voltage, and emergency power supply are widely discussed in literatures [5,6,14,[20][21][22][23][24]28,[30][31][32][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44]. For the realization process and verification results of those functions, readers can see the above-mentioned literatures.…”

“…The railway smart grid paradigm provides a chance to integrate each component, including renewable energy systems, energy storage systems, RBE utilization systems, and so on, using bidirectional communication equipment and advanced computational features [25][26][27][28][29]. Different optimal strategies are proposed to decrease the energy consumption and electricity bills of electrical railway systems by controlling cooperative operations between each component [5,6,[30][31][32]. These methods achieve the optimal operation of the electric railway energy systems using existing electrical railway infrastructure.…”