Rain Attenuation Analysis using Synthetic Storm Technique in Malaysia

Lwas, Ali Kadhim; Islam, Md. Rafiqul; Chebil, Jalel; Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi; Ismail, Ahmad Fadzil; Zyoud, Alhareth; Dao, Hassan

doi:10.1088/1757-899x/53/1/012045

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Figures 2 and 3 show a comparison of rain attenuation using the SST approach to the measured one. It is clear that the SST technique exhibits the same characteristics as the measured one [9]. In addition, the SST predicted attenuation is applied in the time diversity approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Change over the rainfall time series taken by rain intensity at a point during the 1-minute integration period into a longitudinal rainfall series along the line using the estimate of the synthetic storm method used to offset time with distance as shown in equation ( 1) [9] is a striking example of the basis of the SST established by [10]. SST is a powerful method for calculating time series of rainfall attenuation and long-term probability, daily and service-oriented statistics of reasonable rainfall attenuation [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prediction of Time Diversity Gain – Comparison Between ITU-R P.618-13 Using a Concept of Rain Rate with Delay and Synthetic Storm Technique

Alam

Hasan

Islam

et al. 2022

Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol.

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Future satellite companies will use higher Ka and V bands. Rain fade is the most important issue in establishing reliable communication between Earth and satellites outside the 10 GHz band. The problem is exacerbated in the tropics by significant rainfall throughout the year. One way to deal with rainfall attenuation is to use a time-diversity strategy. Real-time rainfall attenuation data is needed to analyze time variability. However, data from higher frequency bands such as Ka and V bands cannot be used. As a result, the Synthetic Storm Technique (SST) was proposed to convert the measured real time rainfall data into rainfall attenuation data and predict the time diversity gain. The measured rainfall data was converted to rainfall attenuation data using the traditional SST method. Time diversity gains were predicted using Converted rainfall attenuation and the Matriciani model, and the measurements were significantly overestimated. A new concept of realtime rainfall with and without time delay is proposed and used to predict time diversity gain using ITU-R P. 618-13 and the measured rainfall distribution with delay. Therefore, the proposed method recommends using the measured long-term precipitation data to predict the gain from time diversity at the desired frequency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain – Comparison Between ITU-R P.618-13 Using a Concept of Rain Rate with Delay and Synthetic Storm Technique

Alam

Hasan

Islam

et al. 2022

Int. J. Interact. Mob. Technol.

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show abstract

“…The Synthetic Storm Technique (SST) was developed by Drufuca [24] and refined by Matricciani [1,26,30] to predict the rainfall attenuation for both terrestrial and slant path earth-space links for different frequencies and polarisations in the absence of real attenuation data [25][26][27][28][29]. This approach consists of converting a rain rate time series measured by a disdrometer or a rain gauge at any geographical location into a rainfall attenuation time series [30].…”

Section: The Synthetic Storm Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Rainfall Fading Prediction Models for Satellite Links in Southern Africa

Sumbiri¹,

Afullo²

2021

PIER B

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This work presents an overview of rainfall fading models over satellite links in South Africa using three years of rainfall data collected by the Joss-Waldvogel RD-80 disdrometer in Durban, South Africa (29 • 52 S, 30 • 58 E), alongside a colocated Ku-band satellite TV link. Different drop size distribution models, such as Lognormal, Gamma, Weibull, and the Optimised drop size distribution model for Equatorial Africa, are used to formulate the rainfall attenuation models used in this study. Thereafter, the formulated attenuation models are used to convert rainfall rate time series data to predicted rainfall attenuation time series. In addition, both the ITU-R model and the Synthetic Storm Techniques are applied for comparison with the above rainfall attenuation models alongside experimental measurements over the 12.6 GHz satellite TV link from Intelsat-20 (IS-20) located at 68.5 • E on the azimuth angle of 57.5 • with respect to Durban.

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“…According to Matricciani et al (2006), SST will reproduce in situ measurements at low elevation slant path if the path length is between 13 and 15 km. It was shown that attenuation values from SST are overestimated at higher levels but consistent at lower levels (Lwas et al, 2013). The effectiveness of SST in estimating attenuation of satellite links at diurnal, seasonal, and annual time scale has been demonstrated (Kanellopoulos et al, 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

Comparative Study of Worst Month Rain Rate and Attenuation Statistics for Satellite Links in Nigeria

2023

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There is an increasing demand for communication-based technology in different sectors of the economy. This is fueled by growing population, dropping cost of technology, and increasing demand for technology products. Some of these technology products such as electronic banking and telemedicine require high quality satellite connection for efficiency. The increasing number of satellite-based products require Quality of Service (QoS) with high integrity for a large number of users across different geographical regions. Satellite to earth communication links face significant challenges such as tropospheric zenith delay (Ogunjo et al., 2020), as well as, stratospheric scintillation and atmospheric attenuation (Yakovlev et al., 1995). In the lower atmosphere, satellite signals suffer from refraction, delay (Ogunjo et al., 2018), and attenuation by fog (Nadeem et al., 2010), rain (J. S. Ojo et al., 2008), and dust (Ahmed et al., 1987). Phase synchronization has been established between rain rate and radio refractivity in different locations within Nigeria (Fuwape et al., 2016).At high frequency, rain is the greatest factor in radio communication systems in tropical region due to their peculiar rainfall characteristics. This has increased the research interest on rain attenuation within the region. Different models have been proposed for the estimation of rain attenuation. One of the earliest models was based on the geophysical properties of rainfall at a point and temperature profile at that location (R. Crane, 1980). The model was extended by considering the probability of occurrence of a convective cell (R. K. Crane, 1982). Assis and Einloft (1977) introduced a simple algorithm for rain attenuation at frequencies greater than 10 GHz based on rain rate statistics alone. In the Australian model Flavin (1996) estimates the attenuation as frequencies less than 60 GHz and is based on rain rate distribution. Other rain attenuation models proposed in literature are Bryant model (

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Rain Attenuation Analysis using Synthetic Storm Technique in Malaysia

Cited by 9 publications

References 5 publications

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain – Comparison Between ITU-R P.618-13 Using a Concept of Rain Rate with Delay and Synthetic Storm Technique

Prediction of Time Diversity Gain – Comparison Between ITU-R P.618-13 Using a Concept of Rain Rate with Delay and Synthetic Storm Technique

An Overview of Rainfall Fading Prediction Models for Satellite Links in Southern Africa

Comparative Study of Worst Month Rain Rate and Attenuation Statistics for Satellite Links in Nigeria

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