Rain Attenuation and Radio Path Design

Ruthroff, C. L.

doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1970.tb01760.x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We observed this object during seven apparitions at both Borowiec and Pic du Midi in 1999, 2004/2005, 2009…”

Section: A16 825 Taninamentioning

confidence: 87%

“…All of the above-mentioned papers gave the same synodic period of 4.32 h for Alice. Oey (2006) observed Alice on three nights in 2006 and obtained a period of 4.313 h. Ruthroff (2009) observed Alice on four nights in 2009 and obtained a period of 4.32 h Single lightcurves from 2009 and 2010 available at 6 have periods of 4.28 h and 4.30 h.…”

Section: A2 291 Alicementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We observed Kate on 17 nights during six oppositions in /2009 at Borowiec, Pic du Midi, Rozhen, and SAAO. Our lightcurves of large amplitudes from 0.65 mag to 1 mag in 2006 were composed with the period of 5.623 ± 0.002 h. Sharp minima in the lightcurve from 2006 suggest contact-binary shape of this object.…”

Section: A49 2156 Katementioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?

Kryszczyńska

Colas

Polińska

et al. 2012

A&A

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Context. Recent studies have uncovered evidence that the statistical properties of asteroids' physical parameters are a fundamental source of information on the physics of their collisions and evolution. The analysis of the spin rates and spin vector distributions helps us to understand the role of various known and new effects. The alignment of spin vectors and the correlation of spin rates are for the first time observed for ten members of the Koronis family. These unexpected non-random orientations of the spin axes and correlations of the spin rates, now known as Slivan states are interpreted in terms of a YORP effect and spin-orbit resonances. Aims. To study non-gravitational-effects, there appears to be a need for new observational campaigns devoted to determining the physical parameters of the asteroid families. Methods. We analysed the photometric observations of the asteroids, which are the most efficient method of studying asteroid physical parameters. Results. We report the results of a ten-year long observational survey of the light variations of objects in the Flora region. We present 544 individual lightcurves of 55 objects obtained at various observing geometries. These lightcurves yield new or refined synodic periods for 32 asteroids and confirm period determinations for 23 objects in our sample. To improve the statistics of the Flora family objects, we add to our dataset 91 objects with reliably determined periods. The distribution of rotation rates for the Flora family is nonMaxwellian at a confidence level of 94% and different from those of the Koronis and the Hungaria families. It seems to be consistent with the long-term influence of the YORP effect, although it is also indicative of a younger age for the Flora family compared to both the Koronis and the Hungaria families. Conclusions. Our new data is a foundation for the spin vector and shape determinations that will be the objectives of the second paper of the series. We search for spin vector and spin periods correlations in order to determine whether Slivan states exist in the Flora family.

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“…We observed this object during seven apparitions at both Borowiec and Pic du Midi in 1999, 2004/2005, 2009…”

Section: A16 825 Taninamentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: A2 291 Alicementioning

confidence: 99%

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Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?

Kryszczyńska

Colas

Polińska

et al. 2012

A&A

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“…For critical circuits, the permitted outage may be one or two orders of magnitude smaller (Segal, 1986). Path lengths and number of repeaters can be determined accurately only if the rainfall attenuation along the paths can be predicted (Ruthroff, 1970). Instantaneous rainfall rates are not appropriate because of spatial averaging along the transmission path, so 1-minute rainfall intensities have been accepted as the most desirable (Bodtmann and Ruthroff, 1974;Segal, 1986).…”

Section: Measurement Of Rainfall Intensitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Precipitation

1996

Hydrology Handbook

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“…The Concept of the Space-Averaged Rainfall Rate for a Spatially Non-Uniform Rain Medium Ruthroff (1970), considering the problem of rain attenuation through a non-uniform rain medium, has made the following assumptions.…”

Section: 12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Cross-Polarization Discrimination Statistics for Millimetric Waves Propagating Through Rain

Kanellopoulos¹

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This thesis reports on the results of a general investigation into the depolarization statistics of a microwave signal after propagation through a rain medium, and their application to the design of a microwave communication system. Prediction of the long-term statistics for rain depolarization is presented for both spatially uniform and non-uniform rain and for any type of linear polarization (horizontal, vertical and at 45° inclination to the horizontal). Assuming a log-normal form for the rainrate statistics an approximate Gaussian model is deduced for the final crosspolarization isolation (XPI) or discrimination (XPD) distribution in decibels. The parameters of this normal distribution are related to the parameters of the radio link and the rainrate distributions.Applications of this conclusion to the estimation of radio outage time due to co-channel interference are also presented for various crosspolarization levels.A theoretical formula is then derived for the joint statistics of cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) or isolation (XPI) and rain attenuation for a microwave link. This formula is then applied to the prediction of the distribution of XPD conditional on the co-polar rain attenuation, and also to the prediction of the distribution of XPD during a rain fade. Application is also made to the estimation of outage time of a dual-polarization communication system. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data from the Eastern USA and Southern England, and the agreement is found to be good. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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Rain Attenuation and Radio Path Design

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?

Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?

Precipitation

Analysis of Cross-Polarization Discrimination Statistics for Millimetric Waves Propagating Through Rain

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