Rain-Flow Modeling Using a Multi-Layer Artificial Neural Network on the Watershed of the Cavally River (Côte d’Ivoire)

Abstract

Water resources management is nowadays a significant stake for the world. However, missing or bad quality of the hydro-climatic historical data available of the studied area makes sometimes hydrological studies difficult. Generally, conceptual rain-flow models are designed to bring an appropriate answer with the correction of gaps and prediction of the flows. Historical hydro-climatic data of the Ity station, located on Cavally River, contain gaps which must be bridged. This study aims to establish a rainfall-runoff model through artificial neural networks for filling the gaps into the flow data series of the hydrometric station of Ity on the watershed of Cavally River. A multi-layer perceptron of feed forwards with two entries (monthly average rain and evapotranspiration) and an exit (flows) was established with flow evapotranspiration data. Comparison of the criteria of performance of the various architectures of the neural network model showed that architecture 2-3-1 gives best results. This architecture provides Nash coefficients of 75.79% and correlation linear coefficient of 95.64% for the calibration and Nash coefficients of 73.32% and correlation linear coefficient of 98.33% for the validation. The correlations between simulated flows and observed flows are strong. The correlation coefficients are 83.89% and 83.08% respectively for the calibration and validation.

Multislice Spiral CT Imaging Localization and Nursing Care of Catheter Fracture of Scalp Vein Indwelling Needle

“…Because of the risk of leukemia and cancer, it is more important to protect children from X-ray examination. Children with active cell division, a long life cycle, and sensitivity to X-rays are more likely to develop radiation-induced cancer, and the younger they are, the higher the risk [ 15 ]. Pay great attention to shielding the nondiagnostic parts, and focus on protecting the parts sensitive to radiation.…”

“…In addition to the use of indwelling needles, special films, and tape with the same fixation, according to the situation, a hat, entrain card, and so on can be worn. For easy sweating and washing, attention should be paid to the shedding and deformation of the indwelling needle [ 15 ]. In addition, if the patient's scalp indwelling needle seals the tube again after infusion, the nurse should first check the position of the indwelling needle, check the connection between the needle tube (needle wing) and the base, timely find the problem, timely correct or replace it.…”

Micralestes eburneensis Daget 1965 (Characiformes: Alestidae), a Near Threatened Fishes of the World

“…ISSN 2168-9148 2019 Figure 2. Overview of the Cavally sub-watershed studied (source: Brou et al (2017) (modified))…”