RAINBOW: An Innovative Approach for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Blowout Events

Borello, Lorenzo; Ghetto, G. De; Blotto, Paola; Andreussi, Paolo; Bonuccelli, Michele; Fratini, Michela; Moretti, Michela Simona

doi:10.2118/141640-ms

All Days 2011

DOI: 10.2118/141640-ms

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RAINBOW: An Innovative Approach for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Blowout Events

Lorenzo Borello

G. De Ghetto

Paola Blotto

et al.

Abstract: The uncontrolled eruption of a well introduces safety risks for field operators, potential health injury to people living in proximity of the field and impacts on the environment.

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Cited by 5 publications

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Soil Contamination From High Velocity, Atomized Incidental Oil Releases, A Complete Predictive Approach

Borello

Bonuccelli²,

Raucci³

et al. 2011

All Days

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Oil wells blow-out events are characterized by the uncontrolled releases in atmosphere of multiphase hydrocarbon mixtures. The upper well section under blowout conditions is always characterized by the presence of annular flow with the most part of the oil transported in form of droplets. A further atomization occurs at the discharge, typically in critical flux conditions. The droplets ejected at sound velocity in the atmosphere exchange momentum with the gas jet rising at different elevations depending on the size, the jet momentum and the meteorological conditions. The granulometric distribution of the droplets also strongly affects the following aerosol dispersion and fallout. The aerosol dispersion follows two different mechanisms: Gaussian dispersion for the small droplets (with a spreading phenomenon strongly dependent on diffusion effects), ballistic dispersion (with a spreading dependent on stochastic variations in wind direction and speed). During the fallout phase a not negligible amount of oil mass evaporates changing both the droplets dimension and the oil compositions. The typically long duration of the blowout event makes a short term approach (with constant meteorological condition during the event) not realistic. A long term approach, taking into account the typical meteorological classes distribution and persistency in the involved area has to be considered for the correct prediction of the oil fallout to the ground. This process generates to the ground surface an areal source term for the following infiltration phenomenon. These areal sources are characterized by wide extensions and significant distances from the well (more than 10 km in some cases). Most of the complex processes and phenomena, which are described above, result not completely treated in literature and specific models had been developed and implemented in a in-house software (3) as described in this paper. The overall model has been validated with real blowout contamination data.

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Soil Contamination From High Velocity, Atomized Incidental Oil Releases, A Complete Predictive Approach

Borello

Bonuccelli²,

Raucci³

et al. 2011

All Days

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Near Balance Drilling Benefits Addressed Through a Blowout Probability Model

et al. 2012

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Eni Near Balance Drilling (e-nbd™) is an innovative drilling process to maintain constant bottom hole annular pressure at all times while circulating, and to manage annular dynamic hydraulic pressure profile accordingly. The operational benefits of this process are measured on field operations through the enhancement of borehole quality, the reduction of NPT and the ability to reach targets otherwise inaccessible. e-nbd™ can improve drilling operations safety, especially by reducing the probability of the most significant threats, which is a blowout event. These benefits are not measurable on operations, unless having a huge number of statistical records. Nonetheless the probability of a complex event like a blowout can be effectively calculated through dedicated fault tree models. Eni drilling department has developed a replicable blowout probability model that is suitable for most of the current drilling and completion situations. This model is offering a high number of possible operating scenarios and detailed settings, in order to guarantee the accuracy of each analysis. This model has been used to address the benefits of e-nbd™, in order to compare analogous wells to be drill with or without e-nbd™. In both situations results were analysed to measure the overall impact on blowout probability and to further address the sensitivity to technical / non technical factors. By comparing two situations using a probabilistic fault tree, this paper shows that the key factors affecting a blowout probability are notably impacted by the use of e-nbd™. These key factors are not only technical, but also organizational and human.

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New Frontiers for the Prevention Of Major Accidents and Catastrophic Oil Spill Release: a Successful Synergy of Consolidated Approaches and Innovative Methodologies to Enhance Oil Spill Preparedness and Emergency Response

Petrone

Scataglini

Buffagni

et al. 2014

Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference

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The Oil and gas industry is a risky business: e&p activities have the potential to give rise to major accidents such as Blow Out events, as well as hydrocarbon leaks and also catastrophic pipeline/ riser release leading to fire and or explosion. These dramatic events can result in loss of human lives, severe pollution to the environment, damage to the asset and production disruption, and in additional to the emotional and ethical impact can seriously compromise company reputation.On top of that, in recent years another critical challenge is posed by e&p activities in sensitive and hostile environment that represent the new frontier of development: in fact the increasing hydrocarbon demand pushes operators towards unconventional deposits and higher-risk and remote areas characterized by social and environmental sensitivities where the emergency response and the oil spill preparedness become particularly difficult.This paper describes the successful synergy of some consolidated methodologies and new initiatives undertaken within our Company to foresee consequences of major accidents and enhance emergency response and oil spill preparedness in e&p operations: -a new procedure for the evaluation and prevention of the exposure to pollution of e&p wells that foresees the identification of exposure to pollution classes (High, Medium, Low EtP), for different typologies of wells; -the development of SMART GIS project, a web application to acquire data source information to support emergency management and oil spill preparedness; -the combination of in house Short Cut Model (SCM) i ii iii in BART tool for an expeditive estimation of Blow Out consequences; -the development of an expeditive semi-quantitative methodology to assess risk of release from pipeline combined with a Bow tie approach for the identification of preventive and recovery barriers to reduce frequency of hazardous event or mitigate their consequences.

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RAINBOW: An Innovative Approach for Quantitative Risk Assessment of Blowout Events

Abstract: The uncontrolled eruption of a well introduces safety risks for field operators, potential health injury to people living in proximity of the field and impacts on the environment.

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Soil Contamination From High Velocity, Atomized Incidental Oil Releases, A Complete Predictive Approach

Soil Contamination From High Velocity, Atomized Incidental Oil Releases, A Complete Predictive Approach

Near Balance Drilling Benefits Addressed Through a Blowout Probability Model

New Frontiers for the Prevention Of Major Accidents and Catastrophic Oil Spill Release: a Successful Synergy of Consolidated Approaches and Innovative Methodologies to Enhance Oil Spill Preparedness and Emergency Response

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