Rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i> consume less energy when swimming near obstructions

Cook, C. L.; Coughlin, David J.

doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02801.x

Cited by 25 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Our results expand the growing pool of knowledge on the interactions between fish and turbulence, by demonstrating that M O2 can decrease in the presence of periodic or otherwise predictable flows. Indeed, our results are consistent with a similar study in which entraining and Kármán gaiting rainbow trout showed decreased oxygen consumption relative to free stream swimming (Cook and Coughlin, 2010). However, our measurements of M O2 were substantially lower than those of Cook and Coughlin (Cook and Coughlin, 2010).…”

Section: Oxygen Consumption Of Trout Around a Cylindersupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Indeed, our results are consistent with a similar study in which entraining and Kármán gaiting rainbow trout showed decreased oxygen consumption relative to free stream swimming (Cook and Coughlin, 2010). However, our measurements of M O2 were substantially lower than those of Cook and Coughlin (Cook and Coughlin, 2010). One possible explanation for this discrepancy may lie in the variation in interpreting each behavior.…”

Section: Oxygen Consumption Of Trout Around a Cylindersupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Fishes swimming in turbulence have been shown to both increase and decrease their energetic demands, depending on the specific conditions of the hydrodynamic environment (Cook and Coughlin, 2010;Liao, 2007;Tritico and Cotel, 2010). Studies from both laboratory and field demonstrate that altered flows created by bluff bodies in moving water can be exploited by fishes to enhance swimming performance (Beal et al, 2006;Breder, 1965;Hinch and Rand, 2000;Liao et al, 2003b;Streitlien and Triantafyllou, 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainbow trout consume less oxygen in turbulence: the energetics of swimming behaviors at different speeds

Taguchi

Liao

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYMeasuring the rate of consumption of oxygen (M O2 ) during swimming reveals the energetics of fish locomotion. We show that rainbow trout have substantially different oxygen requirements for station holding depending on which hydrodynamic microhabitats they choose to occupy around a cylinder. We used intermittent flow respirometry to show that an energetics hierarchy, whereby certain behaviors are more energetically costly than others, exists both across behaviors at a fixed flow velocity and across speeds for a single behavior. At 3.5Ls -1 (L is total body length) entraining has the lowest M O2 , followed by Kármán gaiting, bow waking and then free stream swimming. As flow speed increases the costs associated with a particular behavior around the cylinder changes in unexpected ways compared with free stream swimming. At times, M O2 actually decreases as flow velocity increases. Entraining demands the least oxygen at 1.8Ls -1 and 3.5Ls, whereas bow waking requires the least oxygen at 5.0Ls. Consequently, a behavior at one speed may have a similar cost to another behavior at another speed. We directly confirm that fish Kármán gaiting in a vortex street gain an energetic advantage from vortices beyond the benefit of swimming in a velocity deficit. We propose that the ability to exploit velocity gradients as well as stabilization costs shape the complex patterns of oxygen consumption for behaviors around cylinders. Measuring M O2 for station holding in turbulent flows advances our attempts to develop ecologically relevant approaches to evaluating fish swimming performance.

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Section: Oxygen Consumption Of Trout Around a Cylindersupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Oxygen Consumption Of Trout Around a Cylindersupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rainbow trout consume less oxygen in turbulence: the energetics of swimming behaviors at different speeds

Taguchi

Liao

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…As a result, only a handful of studies have directly examined the metabolic costs of swimming in complex flows (Enders et al, 2003;Liao et al, 2003a;Cook and Coughlin, 2010;Tritico and Cotel, 2010;Taguchi and Liao, 2011). While extremely useful, these studies are restricted to fishes such as trout, salmon and minnows that use their body and caudal fin for propulsion (BCF swimmers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turbulence usually refers to the creation of vortices of variable strengths and sizes in flowing water, whereas unsteady flows can be near-laminar and are characterized by changes in fluid velocity over time at a given point in space (Liao 2007;. Depending on the causal agent, turbulent flows may have an element of predictability that can be exploited by swimming fish (Liao et al, 2003a;Liao et al, 2003b;Liao, 2004;Beal et al, 2006;Cook and Coughlin, 2010;Taguchi and Liao, 2011). However, water flows with unpredictable and/or wide fluctuations in velocity are known to increase the costs of locomotion (Pavlov et al, 2000;Enders et al, 2003;Enders et al, 2005;Lupandin, 2005;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unsteady flow affects swimming energetics in a labriform fish (Cymatogaster aggregata)

Roche

Taylor

Binning

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Unsteady water flows are common in nature, yet the swimming performance of fishes is typically evaluated at constant, steady speeds in the laboratory. We examined how cyclic changes in water flow velocity affect the swimming performance and energetics of a labriform swimmer, the shiner surfperch, Cymatogaster aggregata, during station holding. Using intermittent-flow respirometry, we measured critical swimming speed (U crit ), oxygen consumption rates (Ṁ O2 ) and pectoral fin use in steady flow versus unsteady flows with either low-[0.5 body lengths (BL) s−1 ] or high-amplitude (1.0 BL s −1 ) velocity fluctuations, with a 5 s period. Individuals in low-amplitude unsteady flow performed as well as fish in steady flow. However, swimming costs in high-amplitude unsteady flow were on average 25.3% higher than in steady flow and 14.2% higher than estimated values obtained from simulations based on the non-linear relationship between swimming speed and oxygen consumption rate in steady flow. Time-averaged pectoral fin use (fin-beat frequency measured over 300 s) was similar among treatments. However, measures of instantaneous fin use (fin-beat period) and body movement in highamplitude unsteady flow indicate that individuals with greater variation in the duration of their fin beats were better at holding station and consumed less oxygen than fish with low variation in fin-beat period. These results suggest that the costs of swimming in unsteady flows are context dependent in labriform swimmers, and may be influenced by individual differences in the ability of fishes to adjust their fin beats to the flow environment.

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Muscle power production during intermittent swimming in bluegill sunfish

Coughlin,

Santarcangelo,

Wilcock

et al. 2023

J Exp Zool Pt A

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Locomotion is essential for the survival and fitness of animals. Fishes have evolved a variety of mechanisms to minimize the cost of transport. For instance, bluegill sunfish have recently been shown to employ intermittent swimming in nature and in laboratory conditions. We focused on the functional properties of the power‐producing muscles that generate propulsive forces in bluegill to understand the implications of intermittent activity. We used in vivo aerobic or red muscle activity parameters (e.g., oscillation frequency and onset time and duration of activation) in muscle physiology experiments to examine muscle power output during intermittent versus steady swimming in these fish. Intermittent propulsion involves swimming at relatively slow speeds with short propulsive bursts alternating with gliding episodes. The propulsive bursts are at higher oscillation frequencies than would be predicted for a given average swimming speed with constant propulsion. The work‐loop muscle physiology experiments with red muscle demonstrated that intermittent activity allows muscle to produce sufficient power for swimming compared with imposed steady swimming conditions. Further, the intermittent muscle activity in vitro reduces fatigue relative to steady or continuous activity. This work supports the fixed‐gear hypothesis that suggests that there are preferred oscillation frequencies that optimize efficiency in muscle use and minimize cost of transport.

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Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss consume less energy when swimming near obstructions

Cited by 25 publications

References 16 publications

Rainbow trout consume less oxygen in turbulence: the energetics of swimming behaviors at different speeds

Rainbow trout consume less oxygen in turbulence: the energetics of swimming behaviors at different speeds

Unsteady flow affects swimming energetics in a labriform fish (Cymatogaster aggregata)

Muscle power production during intermittent swimming in bluegill sunfish

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