Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) intestinal eosinophilic granule cell (EGC) response to Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum extracellular products

Powell, Mark D.; Briand, H. A.; Wright, Glenda M.; Burka, John F.

doi:10.1006/fsim.1993.1027

Cited by 33 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The specific role of mast cells in reaction to pathogen challenge has been sought for some time. Considerable descriptive records exist showing how these cells degranulate in response to exposure to a variety of pathogens or known degranulating agents (Powell et al, 1993;Reite, 1997;Paulsen et al, 2001;Schmale et al, 2004;Dezfuli et al, 2008). The functional similarity of the fish mast cells to mammalian mast cells has stimulated considerable research into determining the content of the cytoplasmic granules and hence an understanding of cellular function.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory response of fish to helminth parasites

Dezfuli¹,

Lui²,

Boldrini

et al. 2008

Parasite

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Summary :Fish serve as a good model for studying vertebrate immune systems because they have a relatively simple system. Descriptions of histopathological effects of helminth parasites on fish are few and far between with limited observations made on the identification of the inflammatory cells involved in the host reaction. Recently, two cell types found within teleosts received a great deal of attention, namely mast cells and rodlet cells. Fish mast cells also known as eosinophilic granule cells, are morphologically and functionally similar to their mammalian counterparts. Acute tissue damage causes mast cells degranulation and the release of mediators of inflammation, whereas, an increase in the number of these cells is usually found in chronically inflamed tissues. Rodlet cells, however, are exclusive to fish and are characterized by a distinct cell cortex and conspicuous inclusions, called rodlets, which accounts for their name. Piscidin has also been encountered within rodlet cells. As important cell types within the immune system of fish, both mast cells and rodlet cells have been seen to increase in number in infected fish, notably at the sites of pathogen attachment or infection. The present survey will provide data from studies with the light microscope on the response of mast cells and rodlet cells in a range of fish species (Anguilla anguilla, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo trutta, Coregonus lavaretus) infected with a range of different parasite genera including representatives from the Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala. frino et al., 1999; Dezfuli et al., 2000a Dezfuli et al., , 2002a Dezfuli et al., , b, 2003b Bosi et al., 2005). The cellular involvement in the inflammatory response in teleostean fish could be biphasic, initiating with an influx of neutrophils followed by latter arrival of monocytes/macrophages (Reite & Evensen, 2006). In fish, two inflammatory cell types, namely mast cells and rodlet cells (RCs) are closely linked to other piscine inflammatory cells (Reite, 1997; Dezfuli et al., 2000b). Mast cells are found mainly in the connective tissue distributed throughput the body, and are more frequently found in tegumentary, urinary, respiratory, reproductive and gastrointestinal systems (Rocha & Chiarini-Garcia, 2007). These cells have been noticed in all vertebrates, fish (Roberts et al., 1971;Reite, 1996), amphibians (Chiu & Lagunoff, 1972), reptiles (Sottovia-Filho & Taga, 1973), birds (Selye, 1965) and mammals (Galli, 1990; Chiarini-Garcia & Pereira, 1999). Nevertheless, there is some controversy in the literature about mast cells existence in fish despite the fact that early reviews of the mast cells left little doubt that this cell type was present in all groups of vertebrates (Reite & Evensen, 2006). In fish parasitized with helminths, greater number of mast cells was noticed in site of infection (Reite, 1997; Dezfuli et al., 2000b;Reite & Evensen, 2006). Regarding rodlet cells (RCs), they are characterized by a thick fibrous capsule, a basal nucleus, and conspicuous in...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The inflammatory response of fish to helminth parasites

Dezfuli¹,

Lui²,

Boldrini

et al. 2008

Parasite

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“…The latter authors described degranulation of eosinophilic granular cells in swim bladders and peritoneum following injection with bacteria. These cells have been known to occur in salmonid tissue, where they respond to various bacterial products (Ellis 1985, Vallejo & Ellis 1989, Powell et al 1993, Reite & Evensen 1994. In addition, the present work shows that thionin-postive cells occur in brown trout fin epidermis, where they seem to degranulate upon infection with skin parasites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 47%

Associations between epidermal thionin-positive cells and skin parasitic infections in brown trout Salmo trutta

Sigh¹,

Buchmann²

2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The dynamics of the densities of epidermal thionin-positive cells (putative mast cells) in the skin of brown trout fry were investigated during experimental infections with the skin parasites Ichthyophthirius multifilus (Ciliophora) and Gyrodactylus derjavini (Monogenea). It was shown that the metachromatic thionin-stained cells were extremely sensitive to parasite exposure, as the density of cells in the skin of trout decreased markedly after exposure to the pathogens. As early as 7 d post infection the cell counts were significantly reduced and almost totally depleted following 9 d infection, which suggests that degranulation of the cells occurs following parasite exposure. No recruitment of new cells was seen during the study period. Some reduction in uninfected control groups indicates that the putative mast cells are sensitive to stress as well. A notable variation in densities of thionin-stained cells between different fins was found and the cornea1 surface was devoid of these cells. The possible implications of these cells in host-parasite interactions are suggested and discussed.

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“…They show degranulation after exposure pathogenic bacteria (Ellis, 1985;Powell et al, 1993a) and other stressors as UV light (Roberts & Bullock, 1981) and substance P (Powell et al, 1993b). The granulocytes were motile, chemotactic to histamine and to the degranulation products of neighboring granulocytes, and their population increased by handling stress within the epidermis (Barnett et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no clear-cut distinction among various categories of granulocytes in the dorsal part of the skin. But according with their size, structure and staining these were considered as eosinophilic cells (Rombout et al, 1989;Powell et al, 1990Powell et al, , 1993aPowell et al, , 1993bCross & Matthews, 1991). The presence of these cells plays an important role on the protection of A. dolichopterus and other catfish species which can be exposed to a large number of skin parasites in their peculiar habitat (Thatcher, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histochemistry and functional organization of the dorsal skin of Ancistrus dolichopterus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

et al. 2010

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The structural organization and histo-cytochemical features of dorsal skin of Ancistrus dolichopterus (acari bodo) are the main focus of this work. The epidermis, dermis and subcutis are the principal layers of the skin. The epidermis mainly consists of epithelial and mucous cells. Interspersed between them are lymphocytes, pigment cells, eosinophilic granular cells (EGC), and the taste buds as sensory structures. The high number of EGCs is implicated in general and specific immunological defense from pathogenic bacteria and multicellular parasites. The epithelial cells and mucous cells contain glycoproteins with oxidizable vicinal diols, carboxyl groups and O-sulphate esters and their high secretory activity is correlated with the bottom dwelling habit of this species. A thick stratum laxum contains overlapping osteoderms bearing denticles, and the stratum compactum make the integument thicker to help the fish in negative buoyancy for maneuvering near the bottom and protection. The entire body surface is covered by conical, backwardly directed denticles. These are composed of a dentine cone, surrounding a pulp cavity with the top covered by mineralized cap, and are the true homologues of teeth. These structures provide effective protection from abrasion and enemies. These structural peculiarities and histochemical features indicate additional physiological role of the skin of A. dolichopterus.A organização estrutural e aspectos histo-citiquímicos da pele dorsal de Ancistrus dolichopterus (acari-bodó) são os principais alvos do presente estudo. A epiderme, a derme e a hipoderme são as principais camadas da pele. A epiderme consiste principalmente de células epiteliais e mucosas. Intercalados entre elas estão os linfócitos, as células pigmentares, as células granulares eosinofílicas (CGE), e as papilas gustativas como estruturas sensoriais. Um grande número de CGEs está relacionado em geral com a defesa imunológica específica de bactérias patogênicas e parasitas multicelulares. As células epiteliais e as células mucosas contem glicoproteínas com grupos diol oxidáveis, grupos carboxilas e ésteres O-sulfatados sendo que sua alta atividade secretória está correlacionada com o comportamento bentônico, de fundo, dessa espécie. Um espesso stratum laxum contém osteodermos sobrepostos, parecidos com dentículos, e o stratum compactum que torna o tegumento mais espesso, contribuindo com a flutuação negativa necessária ao movimento perto do fundo e proteção. Toda a superfície do corpo é coberta por dentículos cônicos retrodirecionados. Esses dentículos são compostos por um cone de dentina, envolvendo uma cavidade pulpar e com o ápice coberto por uma capa mineralizada, verdadeiros homólogos dos dentes. Essas estruturas oferecem efetiva proteção contra abrasão e oponentes. Essas peculiaridades estruturais e aspectos histoquímicos sugerem a existência de uma função fisiológica adicional para a pele de A. dolichopterus.

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Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum) intestinal eosinophilic granule cell (EGC) response to Aeromonas salmonicida and Vibrio anguillarum extracellular products

Cited by 33 publications

References 0 publications

The inflammatory response of fish to helminth parasites

The inflammatory response of fish to helminth parasites

Associations between epidermal thionin-positive cells and skin parasitic infections in brown trout Salmo trutta

Histochemistry and functional organization of the dorsal skin of Ancistrus dolichopterus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

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