Raindrop size distribution and terminal velocity for rainfall erosivity studies. A review

Serio, Maria Angela; Carollo, Francesco Giuseppe; Ferro, Vito

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.06.040

Cited by 92 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Many previous studies [22,52,63] have shown that parameters of the KE-R relationship are highly sensitive to DSD, and for parameters closely related to DSD characteristics, such as µ, the change in µ represents the difference in rainfall characteristics, which can affect the value of the parameters. Equation (18) indicates the KE-R relationships under the impact of parameter x.…”

Section: Sensitive Analysis Of the Formula Of Ke-r Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in which S 1 (S 2 ) is the ratio of the change rate of parameter A (parameter m) to the change rate of parameter x. It is obvious from Equation 20that the parameter m is proportional to parameter x, thus, S 2 is a constant, as shown in Equation (22). The sensitive parameter S 1 is further calculated of stratiform and convective rain obtained via disdrometer in different seasons, and the results are summarized in Table 4.…”

Section: Sensitive Analysis Of the Formula Of Ke-r Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, Carollo et al [19] concluded that KE/R depends on the median volume diameter of precipitation events strictly, and this relationship does not rely on the locations of disdrometers. There have also been studies investigating the KE-R relationships in arid and semi-arid areas, e.g., Meshesha et al and Abd Elbasit et al [20,21], and many KE-R relationships were derived with this approach [22]. Nevertheless, many of the relationships vary greatly because of the different climate conditions, and a general formula for KE-R relationships needs to be derived to be suitably utilized in arid and semi-arid areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Seasonal Characteristics of Disdrometer-Observed Raindrop Size Distributions and Their Applications on Radar Calibration and Erosion Mechanism in a Semi-Arid Area of China

Xie

Yang

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Raindrop size distributions (DSDs) are the microphysical characteristics of raindrop spectra. Rainfall characterization is important to: (1) provide information on extreme rate, thus, it has an impact on rainfall related hazard; (2) provide data for indirect observation, model and forecast; (3) calibrate and validate the parameters in radar reflectivity-rainfall intensity (Z-R) relationships (quantitative estimate precipitation, QPE) and the mechanism of precipitation erosivity. In this study, the one-year datasets of raindrop spectra were measured by an OTT Parsivel-2 Disdrometer placed in Yulin, Shaanxi Province, China. At the same time, four TE525MM Gauges were also used in the same location to check the disdrometer-measured rainfall data. The theoretical formula of raindrop kinetic energy-rainfall intensity (KE-R) relationships was derived based on the DSDs to characterize the impact of precipitation characteristics and environmental conditions on KE-R relationships in semi-arid areas. In addition, seasonal rainfall intensity curves observed by the disdrometer of the area with application to erosion were characterized and estimated. The results showed that after quality control (QC), the frequencies of raindrop spectra data in different seasons varied, and rainfalls with R within 0.5–5 mm/h accounted for the largest proportion of rainfalls in each season. The parameters in Z-R relationships (Z = aRb) were different for rainfall events of different seasons (a varies from 78.3–119.0, and b from 1.8–2.1), and the calculated KE-R relationships satisfied the form of power function KE = ARm, in which A and m are parameters derived from rainfall shape factor μ. The sensitivity analysis of parameter A with μ demonstrated the applicability of the KE-R formula to different precipitation processes in the Yulin area.

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Section: Sensitive Analysis Of the Formula Of Ke-r Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sensitive Analysis Of the Formula Of Ke-r Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Seasonal Characteristics of Disdrometer-Observed Raindrop Size Distributions and Their Applications on Radar Calibration and Erosion Mechanism in a Semi-Arid Area of China

Xie

Yang

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…All previous experimental runs (Nearing et al, 2017; Polyakov et al, 2018; Yoon & Wenzel, 1971) and testing (Nicosia, Di Stefano, Palmeri, et al, 2020a; Nicosia, Di Stefano, Pampalone, et al, 2020b, 2020c) were carried out for an overland flow under simulated rainfall which is applied by a variable intensity rainfall simulator which produces rainfalls characterized by a range of intensity, a drop‐size distribution (DSD) and a known kinetic energy. The effect of a natural rainfall, which is characterized by DSD, raindrop impact velocity and kinetic energy values different from a simulated rainfall (Serio, Carollo & Ferro, 2019), has to be tested.…”

Section: Testing the Overland Flow Resistance Equation By Nicosia DImentioning

confidence: 99%

Comment on “Overland runoff erosion dynamics on steep slopes with forages under field simulated rainfall and inflow by C. Li and C. Pan”

Ferro

2020

Hydrological Processes

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Managing sloping landscapes to control soil erosion processes due to rainfall and runoff is a relevant problem, especially when the vegetation is absent or sparse. The aim of this paper was to investigate the applicability of a theoretically resistance law for overland flow under simulated rainfall, based on a power-velocity profile, using field measurements carried out by Li and Pan for three plots with planted forage species (Astragalus adsurgens, Medicago sativa and Cosmos bipinnatus).The relationship between the velocity profile parameter Γ, the flow Froude number and the rain Reynolds number was calibrated using the data by Li and Pan. The obtained overland flow resistance law was also verified by independent field measurements carried out by Li and Pan in the same plots with the same forage species subjected to three different treatments (intact grass control IG, no litter or leaves NLL (only the grass stems and roots were reserved) and only roots remaining OR). The theoretical approach and the measurements carried out in the investigated conditions allowed to state that a) the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor can be accurately estimated using the proposed theoretical approach, b) the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor varies with rainfall intensity and c) for the investigated forage species, the vegetation treatment (IG, NLL, OR) does not significantly affect the flow resistance in laminar regime.

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“…Knowledge of the rainfall characteristics such as intensity, duration, frequency and raindrop size distribution (DSD) and their variations in time and space is important to better conceptualize the hydrological behavior of a watershed system (Molina-Sanchis et al, 2016). Raindrop size and its distribution are the key rainfall properties influencing soil erosion (Jwa et al, 2020;Khaledian and Shahoe, 2006;Serio et al, 2019). They exhibit pronounced temporal and spatial variations (Sreekanth et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detailed procedure for outdoor measurement of raindrop size distribution using photogrammetry

Abdollahi

Sadeghi

Darvishan

2021

Journal of Hydrology and Hydromechanics

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Kinetic energy and corresponding erosive force of rainfall are strongly influenced by raindrop. The present paper aims to explore the raindrop size variation during rainfall events with different intensities in northern Iran by applying the processes of camera-taken photographs. Five rainfall intensities of 1 to 10 mm h–1 that occur frequently in the study area were analyzed. A camera with a very short exposure time was used to record the distribution of raindrops size. The raindrops diameters of the rain events ranged from <0.2 to 5.1 mm while the majority of them were between 1 and 2 mm. The results also showed that the variation of rainfall intensity significantly influenced (P< 0.05) raindrops size. Image processing was proven as an accurate technique of translation between the human visual system and digital imaging devices. The findings of the study can be practically utilized by researchers who work in the field of soil erosion and meteorology.

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Raindrop size distribution and terminal velocity for rainfall erosivity studies. A review

Cited by 92 publications

References 129 publications

Seasonal Characteristics of Disdrometer-Observed Raindrop Size Distributions and Their Applications on Radar Calibration and Erosion Mechanism in a Semi-Arid Area of China

Seasonal Characteristics of Disdrometer-Observed Raindrop Size Distributions and Their Applications on Radar Calibration and Erosion Mechanism in a Semi-Arid Area of China

Comment on “Overland runoff erosion dynamics on steep slopes with forages under field simulated rainfall and inflow by C. Li and C. Pan”

Detailed procedure for outdoor measurement of raindrop size distribution using photogrammetry

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