Rainfall characterization of the Bumbu watershed, Papua New Guinea

Doaemo, Willie; Wuest, Lawrence; Athikalam, Paul Thomas; Moraes, Alex Souza; Molerio-Leon, Leslie F.

doi:10.1007/s00704-021-03808-5

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The lack of significant changes in long‐term rainfall trends at this study site was also supported by observations of minimal changes to annual rainfall anomalies when averaged across all of PNG (McGregor, 1992) and even more localised rainfall observations for the region (McGree et al, 2014). However, as well as trends in mean seasonal rainfall, some areas may have received less annual rainfall but experienced more frequent extreme rainfall events over time (Doaemo et al, 2022). This interplay between rainfall totals over a nesting season versus the occurrence of episodic extreme events remains poorly resolved, but as understanding improves it will allow a more refined estimate of the impacts of rainfall changes for future populations of sea turtles and other taxa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term resilience to climate‐induced temperature increases for equatorial sea turtle populations

Staines,

Versace,

Laloë

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Projection models are being increasingly used to manage threatened taxa by estimating their responses to climate change. Sea turtles are particularly susceptible to climate change as they have temperature‐dependent sex determination and increased sand temperatures on nesting beaches could result in the ‘feminisation’ of hatchling sex ratios for some populations. This study modelled likely long‐term trends in sand temperatures and hatchling sex ratios at an equatorial nesting site for endangered green turtles (Chelonia mydas) and critically endangered hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata). A total of 1078 days of sand temperature data were collected from 28 logger deployments at nest depth between 2018 and 2022 in Papua New Guinea (PNG). Long‐term trends in sand temperature were generated from a model using air temperature as an environmental proxy. The influence of rainfall and seasonal variation on sand temperature was also investigated. Between 1960 and 2019, we estimated that sand temperature increased by ~0.6°C and the average hatchling sex ratio was relatively balanced (46.2% female, SD = 10.7). No trends were observed in historical rainfall anomalies and projections indicated no further changes to rainfall until 2100. Therefore, the sex ratio models were unlikely to be influenced by changing rainfall patterns. A relatively balanced sex ratio such as this is starkly different to the extremely female‐skewed hatchling sex ratio (>99% female) reported for another Coral Sea nesting site, Raine Island (~850 km West). This PNG nesting site is likely rare in the global context, as it is less threatened by climate‐induced feminisation. Although there is no current need for ‘cooling’ interventions, the mean projected sex ratios for 2020–2100 were estimated 76%–87% female, so future interventions may be required to increase male production. Our use of long‐term sand temperature and rainfall trends has advanced our understanding of climate change impacts on sea turtles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short‐term resilience to climate‐induced temperature increases for equatorial sea turtle populations

Staines,

Versace,

Laloë

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…Sand bypassing, dune replenishment, vegetative protection, beach restoration, etc. are considered soft solutions 5 , 6 . Submerged and emerged breakwaters, dikes, seawalls, revetments and groins etc., are adopted as hard solutions 7 , 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary investigation on stability and hydraulic performance of geotextile sand container breakwaters filled with sand and cement

Elias

Shirlal

2022

Sci Rep

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Breakwaters are essential constructions providing tranquility to ports and harbour structures, when there is a lack of natural protection measures. Traditionally these massive structures are constructed using natural rocks weighing tonnes. In the present scenario, obtaining huge natural rocks are difficult as well as non-eco-friendly. Geotextiles sand containers (GSCs) emerges as a suitable alternative for the rock armour units of breakwaters and various literatures supports its efficacy. The present investigation aims at analysing the performance of GSCs when filled with a calculated amount of cement and sand. The Hydraulic performance and stability analysis of cement and sand filled geotextile breakwater models are carried out in a 1:30 scaled monochromatic wave flume. When GSC breakwaters are filled with sand and cement, up to 43% increased stability is observed with a considerable decrease in wave runup, rundown and reflection, than sand-alone filled units. As a result, cement-sand filled GSC units can be suggested as a possible alternative to sand alone filled units where vandalism has to be countered.

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Trends of seasonal and annual rainfall of semi-arid districts of Karnataka, India: application of innovative trend analysis approach

Chowdari

Barma

Bhat³

et al. 2023

Theor Appl Climatol

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Trend analysis of rainfall is often carried out in water resources management to understand its distribution over a given region. The cumulative seasonal and annual rainfall derived from monthly datasets spanning 102 years for 11 districts of the semi-arid Karnataka, India, was used for the trend analysis. The two-step homogeneous test approach was carried out on all the time series. Then, lag-1 autocorrelation was conducted only on homogeneous time series. Only 78.18% of the total time series data was detected as homogeneous, and 95.35% of time series data were found to have insigni cant autocorrelation. Then, the Innovative Trend Analysis (ITA) method was applied to 43 homogeneous rainfall time series, MK and SR tests to 41 time series, and mMK test to two time series. The MK and SR tests detected 14.63% of the time series as a signi cant trend, whereas the ITA method could detect 93.02% of the total time series data. The MK and SR tests captured signi cant trends for the winter season in two districts, but the two tests detected a signi cant trend only in one district for the summer season. None could be captured for monsoon season. A signi cant trend was captured for the post-monsoon season in two districts; however, the tests could detect a signi cant trend in one district for annual rainfall. The mMK test revealed a positive trend for the post-monsoon season in a district. The ITA method could capture a signi cant trend for all the seasons in most districts.

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Rainfall characterization of the Bumbu watershed, Papua New Guinea

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Short‐term resilience to climate‐induced temperature increases for equatorial sea turtle populations

Short‐term resilience to climate‐induced temperature increases for equatorial sea turtle populations

Preliminary investigation on stability and hydraulic performance of geotextile sand container breakwaters filled with sand and cement

Trends of seasonal and annual rainfall of semi-arid districts of Karnataka, India: application of innovative trend analysis approach

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