Rainfall scavenging coefficients for atmospheric nitric acid and nitrate in a subtropical coastal environment

Calderón, Silvia M.; Poor, Noreen; Campbell, Scott W.; Tate, Paul; Hartsell, Benjamin E.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.05.040

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…This difference could be explained based on the theory of collision efficiency between particles and rain droplets during the washout process (Slinn, 1984). Previous research suggests that when particle diameters are greater than 0.85 mm, these particles are more likely to encounter rain droplets compared to particles with a low diameter (Calder on et al, 2008;He and Balasubramanian, 2009;Qu erel et al, 2014aQu erel et al, , 2014b. More finer particles were apparent in Guangzhou than in Xi'an ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The washout effects of rainfall on atmospheric particulate pollution in two Chinese cities

Guo

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

134

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

The washout effects of rainfall on atmospheric particulate pollution in two Chinese cities

Guo

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2016

Environmental Pollution

134

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“…For the calculation of W G , ADS , raindroplet size distributions have to be considered because they determine the geometric mean diameter d gm (mm) and the total number of raindrops for a rain event by precipitation rate p o (mm h −1 ) [ Calderón et al , 2008]. In this study, the lognormal distribution [ Mircea et al , 2000] was chosen to derive d gm which could be used as d R for .…”

Section: Theoretical Basismentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of precipitation scavenging of semivolatile organic compounds in a tropical area

He¹,

Balasubramanian²

2009

J. Geophys. Res.

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[1] Rain samples were collected concurrently with gas phase and particulate samples from June 2007 to May 2008 in Singapore and processed to investigate precipitation scavenging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs). A comprehensive atmospheric scavenging model has been developed with inclusion of major atmospheric deposition processes such as particle scavenging, dissolution (Henry's law), and surface adsorption affecting the total scavenging ratio of SVOCs. This model was subsequently used in this study to calculate precipitation ratios. Total scavenging ratios ranged from (8.9 ± 4.3) Â 10 4 to (1.2 ± 0.4) Â 10 6 for PAHs and from (8.3 ± 5.1) Â 10 4 to (4.9 ± 1.5) Â 10 5 for OCPs. Particle scavenging rather than gas scavenging was the dominant removal mechanism, accounting for 86-99% for PAHs and 98-99% for OCPs in terms of the particle contribution to the total scavenging. The variation of both total and particle scavenging ratios over the study period is smaller compared to those reported in the literature, which might be attributed to uniform ambient temperature prevailing throughout the year in this tropical area. The effects of particle fraction, supercooled vapor pressure, and rainfall intensity on particle scavenging of SVOCs were assessed. The relationship between gas scavenging ratio and supercooled vapor pressure implied that the domination of gas scavenging might switch from dissolution to adsorption at supercooled vapor pressures around 10 À3.5 -10 À4 Pa, especially for PAHs with five or more aromatic rings. The equations used to estimate total scavenging (W T ) based on the particle fraction (F) can be summarized as log W T = 0.94 log F + 6.09 (R 2 = 0.74) for PAHs and log W T = 0.82 log F + 6.34 (R 2 = 0.62) for OCPs.

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“…Various factors influencing these processes have been investigated in detailed (i) characteristic of precipitation, for example, intensity (Elperin et al, 2016;Jung et al, 2003), rainfall rate (Ferm, 1998;Hannemann et al, 1996), raindrop size (Ebert et al, 1998;Jung et al, 2003), and ice particles properties (Jin & Chu, 2007); (ii) characteristics of the constituents, for example, chemistry (Fuzzi et al, 1994, Behera et al, 2013, emission (Fagerli & Aas, 2008;Luo et al, 2014), and daily fluxes (Rubio et al, 2002); and (iii) meteorological condition, for example, atmospheric circulation and air temperature (Hongisto & Joffre, 2005;Murillo et al, 2012). Pools and fluxes of different N-species via atmospheric precipitation have been also explored: below-cloud scavenging of HNO 3 and NO 3 during rainfall (Calderón et al, 2008); heterogeneous formation processes influence on NO 2 concentration in atmospheric liquid phase (Acker et al, 2008); in-cloud multiphase distribution of NH 3 /NH 4 + , HNO 3 /NO 3 -, and HNO 2 /NO 2 - (Fuzzi et al, 1994); SO 2 /NH 3 /CO 2 plume uptake versus raindrop size (Hannemann et al, 1996); and fluxes of NO, NO 2 , HONO, HNO 3 , NH 3 , NH 4 + , and NO 3 in the atmosphere (Trebs et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scavenging of Nitrogen From the Atmosphere by Atmospheric (Rain and Snow) and Occult (Dew and Frost) Precipitation: Comparison of Urban and Nonurban Deposition Profiles

Kurzyca

Frankowski

2019

JGR Biogeosciences

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This paper describes the comparison of atmospheric (rain and snow) versus occult (dew and frost) precipitation in terms of scavenging of nitrogen compounds (inorganic and organic) from the atmosphere. Exceptional cases of heavy fog, black ice, hail, and heavy rain were also described. Apart from genesis and morphology of these phenomena, various factors affecting precipitation affinity to scavenging of airborne nitrogen compounds from the atmosphere were investigated. A study simultaneously performed at two sampling points (lowland Central Europe, 30 km away from each other, urban vs. woodland) indicated statistically significant differences in hydrological conditions between areas. Local conditions (urban heat island vs. humid woodland) more likely determined precipitation form, amount, and frequency than the air masses characteristic in the upper troposphere. This (apart from pollution sources) significantly affects the deposition load of nitrogen per area unit. The highest values were obtained with atmospheric precipitation (mainly rainwater) at about 9 and 5 kg N/ha/year in the city and woodland areas, respectively. Nevertheless, the investigated affinity of precipitation to scavenging airborne nitrogen from the atmosphere elicited progressively changing loads of nitrogen per volume unit as follows: dew > rain bulk > snow bulk > rain wet only > frost > snow wet only.

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Rainfall scavenging coefficients for atmospheric nitric acid and nitrate in a subtropical coastal environment

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

The washout effects of rainfall on atmospheric particulate pollution in two Chinese cities

The washout effects of rainfall on atmospheric particulate pollution in two Chinese cities

A study of precipitation scavenging of semivolatile organic compounds in a tropical area

Scavenging of Nitrogen From the Atmosphere by Atmospheric (Rain and Snow) and Occult (Dew and Frost) Precipitation: Comparison of Urban and Nonurban Deposition Profiles

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