Rainfall simulation experiments in the southwestern USA using the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator

Polyakov, Viktor O.; Stone, J. J.; Collins, Chandra Holifield; Nearing, M. A.; Paige, Ginger B.; Buono, Jared; Gomez-Pond, Rae-Landa

doi:10.5194/essd-10-19-2018

Cited by 28 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Sci. 2020, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 2 of 13 were designed to move the device in the study area [3][4][5]. Thus, the devices were limited to generating a rainfall intensity of around 100 mm/h.…”

Section: Design Of Rainfall Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Roberts and Klingeman [2] developed a rainfall simulator generated by using seven nozzles arranged in a row, and flood runoff experiments were conducted in a model of a river basin. The rainfall simulator was used for field studies to investigate soil crusting and erosion, and portable rainfall simulators were designed to move the device in the study area [3][4][5]. Thus, the devices were limited to generating a rainfall intensity of around 100 mm/h.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

2020

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An urban flood in the Sadang area located in South Korea was reproduced using a rainfall simulator. The rainfall simulator was developed to be able to demonstrate the rainfall intensity in range of 80-200 mm/h, and the artificial rainfall was created using 42 full cone type nozzles in the urban model. The uniformity coefficient of the rainfall distribution was 89.5%, which indicates the rainfall simulator achieved the high requirements for spatial uniformity. The flood experiments in the 1/200 scale model of the Sadang area were conducted using the rainfall simulator, and the flood patterns were investigated by changing the rainfall intensity. The rainwater mainly accumulated in the lowland of the crossroad where the entrances to the subway station are located. The flow velocity and the inundation depth were sharply increased until the rainfall intensity became 160 mm/h. Furthermore, the unstable human activities based on the moment and the friction instabilities also occurred from 160 mm/h. These results suggest that the study area requires flood damage mitigation facilities considering a rainfall intensity exceeding 160 mm/h.

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Section: Design Of Rainfall Simulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

2020

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“…The data were collected between 2006 and 2013 on 20 rangeland sites in Arizona and Nevada (Polyakov et al, 2018). Each site contained between 4 and 12 replicated plots.…”

Section: Experimental Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocities of shallow overland flow on semiarid hillslopes

Polyakov

Nearing

Stone

2018

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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A series of 188 rainfall plot simulations was conducted on grass, shrub, oak savanna, and juniper sites in Arizona and Nevada. A total of 897 flow velocity measurements were obtained on 3.6% to 39.6% slopes with values ranging from 0.007 m s‐1 to 0.115 m s‐1. The experimental data showed that shallow flow velocity on rangelands was related to discharge and ground litter cover and was largely independent of slope gradient or soil characteristics. A power model was proposed to express this relationship. These findings support the slope–velocity equilibrium hypothesis. Namely, eroding soil surfaces evolve such that steeper areas develop greater hydraulic roughness. As a result overland flow velocity becomes independent of the slope gradient over time. Our findings have implications for soil erosion modeling suggesting that hydraulic friction is a dynamic, slope and discharge dependent property. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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“…Aksoy et al [6] designed a rainfall simulator which is easy to operate and transport while maintaining the intensity, distribution and energy characteristics of the natural rainfall. Artificial rainfall experiments on small plots provide a relatively quick and economical way to obtain necessary erosion information in a controlled [7]. Requirements for small portable rainfall simulations in soil erosion and soil hydrology studies [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Operation and Construction of a Large Rainfall Simulator for the Field Study on Acidic Barren Slope

2018

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The utilization of rainfall simulators has turned out to be more far reaching with the automated instrumentation and control systems. This paper portrays a rainfall simulator designed for analysis of erosion on steep (2.5H: 1V). A rainfall simulator designed to perform experiments in slope is introduced. The large scale of the apparatus allows the researcher to work in remote areas and on steep slopes. This simulator was designed to be effortlessly set up and kept up as well as able and additionally ready to create a variety of rainfall regimes. The nozzle performance tests and lateral spacing tests were performed at Research Center for Soft Soil (RECESS), which is another Research and Development (R and D) activity by Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. This test system is the standard for research involving simulated rainfall. The rainfall simulator is a pressurized nozzle type simulator. It discharges uniform rainfall on a square plot 6 m wide by 6 m (19.685 ft) long. The fundamental parts of a sprinkler rainfall simulator are a nozzle, a structure in which installs the nozzle, and the connections with the water supply and the pumping system. The structure of the test system was manufactured created with four fixed hollow rectangular galvanised on which a header with 25 nozzles attached to it. The nozzles are spaced 1 m apart. Flow meters control the inflow of water from the storage tank, ensuring each nozzle has a similar release rate, regardless of the introduction of the test system. The tank that was utilized has the 200 gallons of water which is 757.08 Lit and the full with water in tank can run the artificial rainfall simulation roughly around 50 to 60 minutes. The support system is collapsible, easy to set up and maintain. The subsequent test system is conservative (under RM9,000 to build), made with industrially accessible parts, simple to set-up and maintain and highly accurate.

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Rainfall simulation experiments in the southwestern USA using the Walnut Gulch Rainfall Simulator

Cited by 28 publications

References 18 publications

Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

Analysis of Urban Flood Inundation Patterns According to Rainfall Intensity Using a Rainfall Simulator in the Sadang Area of South Korea

Velocities of shallow overland flow on semiarid hillslopes

Design, Operation and Construction of a Large Rainfall Simulator for the Field Study on Acidic Barren Slope

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