Rainwater harvesting - A review on conservation, creation &amp; cost-effectiveness

Pala, Gireesh Kumar; Pathivada, Abhirami Priyanka; Velugoti, Sasi Jyothishma Himaja; Yerramsetti, Chandrika; Veeranki, Shalini

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.11.593

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Rainwater can be commonly harvested from rooftops and impervious surfaces. For the rooftop, the rainwater follows the slanted roof to be collected at the end of the roof by a gutter that channels the water through a vent pipe into storage tank (Pala et al, 2021). On the other hand, impervious land runoffs include collecting rainwater from pavement, road and footpath areas.…”

Section: Catchment Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the simple concept of using a whole tank with gutter system as collection surface and storage container with no need for additional expenditure on piping equipment for channeling the rainwater from different catchment area makes the system easy for adoption in areas with no built-in water distribution piping systems (Heritage Tanks, 2016). Besides, for a single household with limited space available and low water requirement, a low cost inverted umbrella can be a feasible option (Hammed et al, 2017;Pala et al, 2021). In a study in Nigeria, rainwater collected from the umbrella harvester had lesser TSS (0.82 mg/L), TDS (32.97 mg/L), total hardness (10.67 mg/L), and nitrate (1.58 mg/L) than rainwater from galvanized roofs (TSS: 4.02 mg/ L; TDS: 41.67 mg/L; total hardness: 36.33 mg/L; nitrate: 5.38 mg/L) (Hammed et al, 2017).…”

Section: Catchment Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework

et al. 2022

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Rapid development, urbanization, and population growth have contributed to water stress in many parts of the world. As freshwater sources are finite, it is essential to source for alternatives to ensure water security. Reclamation of non‐conventional water sources (i.e., rainwater and greywater) can be a viable alternative to alleviate water stress. In this work, various laboratory, pre‐commercialization scale, and commercialized products for rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment and reuse were reviewed. As a result, a conceptual framework is proposed to provide an overview on the applicability of technologies under various settings, which were mapped against the intended use of treated water and the potential for water supply expansion. This conceptual framework could aid decision makers in deciding on a suitable decentralized solution for water reclamation depending on limiting criteria. Decentralized systems of rainwater harvesting and greywater treatment for reuse are going to be crucial in reducing the dependence on the centralized water supply. This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness Science of Water > Water Quality

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Section: Catchment Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Catchment Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework

et al. 2022

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“…a) water conservation and rainwater harvesting b) renovation of traditional and other water bodies/tanks c) reuse and recharge structures d) watershed development and e) intensive afforestation. Among all the interventions, rainwater harvesting is the simplest and cost effective technique to save water (Pala et al, 2021). Rain Water Harvesting (RWH) is the process of collecting natural precipitation from prepared watersheds for beneficial use (Patil, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing conventional wisdom for rain water harvesting to mitigate the risks of climate change

Patel

Pant

Sikligar

et al. 2023

ECJ

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Rain water harvesting is the process of collection and storage of rain for various purposes. Rainwater harvesting continues to be the main source of water supply for potable and non-potable uses. Located in a hot and semi-arid region with water scarcity, the National Innovation Foundation - India (NIF) identified a need to conserve water for office use. Building upon the expertise and experience of Lok Mitra Trust in this field, NIF got built traditional, but unique type of rain water harvesting tanks also known as “Matka tank” at its headquarters in Gandhinagar, Gujarat. The unique features of the tank are its hemispherical shaped upper dome and saucer shaped bottom surface, which is being reported for the first time.The Matka tank for rain water harvesting may be considered as a sustainable technique to mitigate the water scarcity in the context of climate change.

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“…Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a best management practice that offers several benefits, including reducing public water supply system demand and acting as a potential solution to minimize the effects of increasing runoff in urban areas (Kim Han & Lee 2012;Gwenzi & Nyamadzawo 2014;Pelak & Porporato 2016;Campisano et al 2017;Amos et al 2018;Bashar Karim & Imteaz 2018;Pala et al 2021). In addition, RWH is an important source of drinking water in some circumstances, such as droughts and water scarcity (WHO 2011) or like household's emergency water demand for the prevention of COVID-19 (Kanno et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technical standard includes analysis of the potential use and performance of the system. This assessment generally considers the following variables: tank storage volume and water use demand, given a catchment (roof) area and rainfall time-series (Hashim et al 2013;Sanches Fernandes et al 2015;Lopes et al 2017;Brandão & Marcon 2018;Guo & Guo 2018;Amos et al 2020;Pala et al 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic potential for rainwater harvesting systems in southern Brazilian municipalities

et al. 2021

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The implementation of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems depends on technical and socioeconomic assessments. However, most studies do not consider socioeconomic aspects, which could lead to different degrees of RWH implementation and technology selection due to economic constraints and local regulations. We evaluated the socioeconomic potential for RWH as an alternative for water supply of 24 Southern Brazilian municipalities with less than 50,000 inhabitants. A total of 10,080 RWH configurations were assessed and a reliability analysis was carried out to define the RWH system configurations potentially implementable (RWH+) in each municipality. RWH economic benefits were estimated from a social point of view, based on the reduction of the monthly water payment. Overall, RWH+ supplying higher demands with higher economics savings were feasible, as expected. However, several municipalities that showed RWH+ supplying 100% of the domestic water demands obtained lower economic savings, due to low water tariff and water consumption. Still, a set of municipalities presented RWH+ for rainwater demand replacing 50% to 60% of the residential demand, for which the high-water tariffs reflected in higher economics savings. The advantages of using the RWH systems outstand even more when the investments at Federal and Local levels are considered.

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Rainwater harvesting - A review on conservation, creation & cost-effectiveness

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework

An assessment of technological development and applications of decentralized water reuse: A critical review and conceptual framework

Harnessing conventional wisdom for rain water harvesting to mitigate the risks of climate change

Socioeconomic potential for rainwater harvesting systems in southern Brazilian municipalities

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