Rainwater Harvesting for Urban Areas: a Success Story from Gadarif City in Central Sudan

Ibrahim, Mohamed Babiker

doi:10.1007/s11269-009-9405-6

Cited by 49 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Pachpute et al (2009) stated that sustainability of rainwater harvesting in enhancing water productivity in various biophysical and socioeconomic conditions of Sub-Saharan Africa (Makanya catchment) was a key in large scale livelihood improvement. Gadarif City of Sudan could improve the drinking water scarcity applying rainwater harvesting system in semi-arid regions affected by climate change and population increase (Ibrahim 2009). Ghisi (2009) made a study at the state of São Paulo, Brazil and concluded that rainwater harvesting could increase the efficiency if the rainwater tank sizing for houses could be designed for each specific situation, i.e., considering local rainfall, roof area, potable water demand, rainwater demand and number of residents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater: A Potential Alternative Source for Scarce Safe Drinking and Arsenic Contaminated Water in Bangladesh

Islam

Chou

Kabir

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

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Although Bangladesh receives plenty of rainwater during its monsoon, both rural and urban areas suffer from shortages of safe drinking water during dry season. Arsenic contamination of ground water affects many rural areas, whilst some urban areas including the capital, Dhaka City, lack sufficient potable ground water to meet the demand. To cope with the problem, this research explore: the feasibility of harvesting rainwater during monsoon as a source of quality safe drinking water in Dhaka City. A questionnaire survey was conducted about potable water shortage in four slums of Dhaka City. Rainwater was collected using a non-toxic waterproof cloth as a catchment during monsoon and stored in a ferro-cement storage tank with an initial flushing device attached at the inlet of the tank. Different important physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters were tested throughout the storage period of 4 months. The efficiency of the rainwater harvesting system increased from 51% to 80% before and after installing the system. The test results were compared with the Bangladesh water quality standards. The tests have revealed slightly higher pH value (8.1 to 8.3) and enormity of color beyond the acceptable range. Although 3988 M.M. Islam et al.the presence of total coliform was detected after three months, traditional filtering of that stored rainwater showed a promising solution to mitigate potable water shortages in Bangladesh.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rainwater: A Potential Alternative Source for Scarce Safe Drinking and Arsenic Contaminated Water in Bangladesh

Islam

Chou

Kabir

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

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“…In this context Zhang et al (2010) stated that a reduction of some 32% of the water use can be achieved by gray-water reuse and rainwater harvesting allows for a reduction of 25%. Ibrahim (2009) also found that rainwater harvesting can be a useful technique for providing safe water in water deficit areas in semi-arid regions.…”

Section: The House Of Tomorrowmentioning

confidence: 94%

A Financial, Environmental and Social Evaluation of Domestic Water Management Options in the West Bank, Palestine

Nazer

Siebel

Zaag

et al. 2010

Water Resour Manage

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Water is one of the most valuable natural resources in the West Bank, Palestine. Due to its limited availability, it is a resource that needs particular protection. Although agriculture consumes most of the water (70%) in the West Bank, the domestic water supply is strategically not less important. It is the aim of this study to evaluate domestic water management options suitable for Palestinian conditions that contribute to achieving water sufficiency in the domestic water use in the house of tomorrow. A number of options were evaluated economically, environmentally and socially using the concept of life cycle impact assessment (LCIA). Results of the study showed that by introducing a combination of domestic water management options, a substantial decrease in the water consumption of more than 50% can be achieved, thereby reducing the pressure on the scarce water resources. The annual environmental impact of the in-house water use can be reduced in the range of 8%, when using low-flow shower head to 38% when using rainwater harvesting systems. Some of the options (faucet aerators, low-flow shower heads and dual flush toilets) were found to be financially attractive with a pay back period of less than their expected lives, others (rainwater harvesting, graywater reuse and dry toilets) were found to be financially unattractive because of the high investment. In the social context, it was found that introducing such options can improve the quality of life of those not having enough water. There is already a popular willingness to take part in water conservation in the domestic sector in the West Bank. The strongest driving force for using water conservation measures is the awareness that water is a scarce resource. It was concluded that, theoretically, the house of tomorrow can be largely independent in terms of water and sanitation. Education and awareness campaigns in the context of water management with a focus on non-traditional options are key to achieve such a house.

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“…The success of a 2009 RWH project by NetWater and its partners that installed RWH systems at 12 hospitals in Sri Lanka triggered a further 22 RWH applications by 2011 (Women for Water Partnership, 2012). In Central Sudan, Ibrahim (2009) reported on how the success of small RWH dams has encouraged the authorities to expand the RWH initiative as part of a long-term solution for the water supply in the city.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Success and Success Factors of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Projects in the Caribbean

Peters¹

2016

JSD

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In the Caribbean, domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH) projects are being implemented to augment water supplies in water scarce islands and as a no-regret approach to adaptation to climate change. The evaluation of these projects is usually limited to the implementation process i.e. measuring the ability of the project to meet the set deliverables. Factors that are considered are the cost and time specified for the installation of the DRWH systems and the quality of the harvested water. There is seldom a post-project evaluation to determine whether the beneficiaries are able to properly maintain the system and or to improve on it, or whether the project is leading to increased household collection and use of rainwater in the project location and its environs. This paper is based on a survey of key stakeholders actively involved in the promotion of DRWH over a number of years. Active involvement was the basis of accepting the information on their perception as adequate in providing a reliable measure of the level of success of DRWH projects. The metrics for success were based on stakeholders' perspective of the success of DRWH projects as determined by community involvement, rate of uptake of DRWH, increased awareness, impact of training on maintenance of systems, appropriate use of the systems, increased use of rainwater, increased capacity of community leaders to train and improved support by local private sector. It was found that there was willingness to invest in DRWH particularly among the stakeholders who have regularly used rainwater. The stakeholders were also asked to corroborate a set of pre-selected factors that were considered important for the successful development of DRWH projects. A ranking of these factors indicated that although the cost of the DRWH systems was the most important factor for success, technical issues were imperceptibly more important than economic and social issues.Keywords: success factors, domestic rainwater harvesting, Caribbean Background"Nothing is more useful than water: but it will purchase scarcely anything; scarcely anything can be had in exchange for it" (Smith, 1776). In 1992, the Dublin Statement of the International Conference on Water and the Environment recognised that water should be considered an economic good, giving credence to Smith's statement. Today, dwindling freshwater resources threatens the availability of conventional water supplies in several parts of the world and as such, greater emphasis is being placed on harnessing alternative sources. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is a broad term for small-scale, collection, storage and use of rainfall runoff for productive purposes. In this context, RWH is a simple low-cost technique that requires minimum specific expertise or knowledge. Through the ages, RWH, has been an important source of fresh water for agriculture and domestic use.Harvested rainwater is used for both domestic and commercial purposes. Domestic rainwater harvesting (DRWH), that is, collecting rainwater from roofs and storing it in conta...

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Rainwater Harvesting for Urban Areas: a Success Story from Gadarif City in Central Sudan

Cited by 49 publications

References 19 publications

Rainwater: A Potential Alternative Source for Scarce Safe Drinking and Arsenic Contaminated Water in Bangladesh

Rainwater: A Potential Alternative Source for Scarce Safe Drinking and Arsenic Contaminated Water in Bangladesh

A Financial, Environmental and Social Evaluation of Domestic Water Management Options in the West Bank, Palestine

Success and Success Factors of Domestic Rainwater Harvesting Projects in the Caribbean

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