Rainwater in Guangzhou, China: Oxidizing properties and physicochemical characteristics

Lin, Xiaoyang; He, Lu-Xi; Guo, Xiongfei; Li, Huashou

doi:10.1016/j.apr.2018.08.005

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…There are very limited data about F − , NO2and PO4 3− anions in the past studies. In the study conducted in Guangzhou city, China between 2016 and 2017 [57], the PO4 3− concentration is almost twice that of this study, the NO2concentration is almost one third of this study and the F − concentration is very close to this study. In addition, similar results were obtained with the study [58] in New Jersey, one of the smallest states in the USA, regarding F − concentration.…”

Section: Figure 5 the Percentage Contribution Of Each Ion Species To Total Ion Compositions In Rainwater Samples (Based On Vwm Values)supporting

confidence: 64%

“…• The most abundant ions were Ca 2+ (45%), Na + (13%) and SO4 2-(11%) in terms of the order of percentage contribution of ion species to total ion composition in rainwater • High Ca 2+ profile refers to the construction activities, agricultural activity and various industrial activities producing building materials around the sampling site. • SO4 2and NO3anions accounted for 16.6% of the total ion concentration mainly originate from a variety of sources including vehicle emissions, chemical fuel combustion biomass burning, fertilizer use and animal waste [12,57]. • Na + (13%), Cl -(9%), Mg 2+ (8%) and K + (2%) ions may derive mostly from natural sources such as seawater and anthropogenic sources such as intense industrial activity and vehicular traffic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SO4 2-(11.07%) and NO3 -(5.52%) anions, which are responsible for the acidic nature of the rainwater with Clin this study, accounted for 16.6% of the total ion concentration. These ions mainly originate from a variety of sources including vehicle emissions, chemical fuel combustion biomass burning, fertilizer use and animal waste [12,57]. NH4 + profile, which constitutes only about 4% of the total ion composition and provides a minor contribution in neutralizing existing acids as well, may arise from a wide variety of biomass burning, soil, livestock manure, animal waste and fertilizer use depend on agricultural activity [3,57].…”

Section: Figure 5 the Percentage Contribution Of Each Ion Species To Total Ion Compositions In Rainwater Samples (Based On Vwm Values)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of the Chemical Composition of Rainwater in a Semi-Urban Area in the Northern West of Turkey

Güzel

2021

Gazi University Journal of Science

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Section: Figure 5 the Percentage Contribution Of Each Ion Species To Total Ion Compositions In Rainwater Samples (Based On Vwm Values)supporting

confidence: 64%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Figure 5 the Percentage Contribution Of Each Ion Species To Total Ion Compositions In Rainwater Samples (Based On Vwm Values)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monitoring of the Chemical Composition of Rainwater in a Semi-Urban Area in the Northern West of Turkey

Güzel

2021

Gazi University Journal of Science

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“…The city was under severe water restriction since 2010 due to rapid urbanization and population growth, which prompted the search of new strategies for the sustainable use of water. 2) A number of alternative water sources have received attention in recent years in China, which includes rainwater harvesting (RWH), grey water reuse and waste water recycling. 3) Among these, rainwater harvesting has received the greatest attention as rainwater is fresh in nature and can be easily collected and used for non-potable purposes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting System at Typical Public Buildings in Guangzhou

Shiguang¹,

Zhang²

2021

J Korean Soc Environ Eng

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Objectives : Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is one of the most promising alternative water sources, since rainwater can easily be collected and used without significant treatment for non-potable purposes. However, the economical viability of these systems is not always assured. The objective of this study is to assess the potential water saving and financial performance of an RWH systems for a typical multifunctional building (with a rooftop area of 2,725 m2) in Guangzhou, China.Methods : The water saving and economic feasibility of the RWH system were examined using a yield after supply model for fourteen rainwater tank schemes (from 1 m3 to 30 m3).Results and Discussion : According to the simulation results, an annual potable water saving of 3,923.56 m3 can be achieved and a corresponding annual revenue of 11,496.04 CNY can be obtained from the RWH system. The economic viability expressed by benefit cost ratio is 1.50 and by payback periods are within 6.26 year, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicates that the water price is the most important factor affecting the economic viability of an RWH systems. The widespread implementation of rainwater harvesting systems in the public buildings will not only lead to economic savings, but also go further to relive pressure on urban drainage systems and natural water body. Therefore, the actual benefits achieved by a RWH system will be greater than we predicted in current study.Conclusions : These results demonstrating that the application of RWH system is a very promising adaptation strategy for coping with the water crisis and climate change in urban areas of southern China.

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“…Firstly, environmental conditions (e.g. pollutants in the immediate environment) [28][29][30] can significantly change the composition and structure of building materials. Secondly, bio-deterioration can destroy the structural materials via mechanical interaction (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

et al. 2019

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Both conservation and intervention methods must be compatible with each other and appropriate for the original building materials. Therefore, the characterization of historic building materials is indispensable for investigating chemical composition, micro-structure and morphological features to study the current condition, environmental influence and change mechanism due to natural aging or man-made decay processes. Given the great variety of chemicals which can be analyzed, complex problems related to architectural heritage materials are investigated via optimized methodologies. Among the existing techniques, optical microscopy (OM) is an inexpensive and dominating tool to obtain preliminary information on complex samples. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can provide real three-dimensional topographies showing sample surface properties. Electron microscopes combined with energy dispersion X-ray analysis (EM-EDX) are the instruments specifically developed to acquire images of target materials at high magnification. Infrared and Raman spectroscopies are frequently used to characterize inorganic and organic compounds. Thermal analysis can rapidly and accurately measure changes in crystalline structure, dehydration and decomposition. X-ray based technologies have a wide range of applications as follows. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is one of the most frequently used techniques for elemental analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a fast and inexpensive technique for the characterization of man-made and natural materials. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is applied to quantify the valence and electronic levels of specific elements. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) is a powerful technique for detecting the electronic structure of matter. UV-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy is also of great importance in architectural heritage, which can reveal different physicochemical mechanisms causing color. Laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) can effectively eliminate the pollution on the surface and detect the internal elements of the target material. Ion beam analysis can quantify trace elements with high sensitivity. Mass-based techniques are mainly applied to identify unknown organic substances at the molecular level. This review describes some classical applications of individual techniques and provides scientific support for scientists and engineers to make decisions in the context of architectural heritage.

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Rainwater in Guangzhou, China: Oxidizing properties and physicochemical characteristics

Cited by 20 publications

References 43 publications

Monitoring of the Chemical Composition of Rainwater in a Semi-Urban Area in the Northern West of Turkey

Monitoring of the Chemical Composition of Rainwater in a Semi-Urban Area in the Northern West of Turkey

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting System at Typical Public Buildings in Guangzhou

Recent progress in instrumental techniques for architectural heritage materials

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