Raising cigarette excise tax to reduce consumption in low-and middle-income countries of the Asia-Pacific region:a simulation of the anticipated health and taxation revenues impacts

Ho, Li Ming; Schafferer, Christian; Lee, Jie Min; Yeh, Chun-Yuan; Hsieh, Chia‐Jung

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6096-z

Cited by 44 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Additionally, the number of averted smoking-attributable deaths (SADs) would be highest in China, followed by Indonesia and India. In total, the simulation study found that there would be over 17.96 million lives saved by an increase in cigarette taxes [19].…”

Section: Support Towards Stronger Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The excise tax increase is known to have a significant effect on the reduction of smoking prevalence and the number of smoking-attributable deaths. A simulation study in low-and middle-income countries in the Asia-Pacific Region was conducted and showed that, given an average annual cigarette price increase of 9.5%, the average annual cigarette consumption would decrease by 3.6% [19]. On the other hand, the average annual tobacco tax revenue would increase by 16.2%.…”

Section: Support Towards Stronger Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although recent data showed a slight decrease in the prevalence of tobacco consumption to 33.8% in 2018, the prevalence is still the highest in Southeast Asia, as reported by Southeast Asia Tobacco Control Alliance (SEATCA) [3,4]. Smoking prevalence is 19.1% in Thailand, 22.8% in Malaysia, 12% in Singapore, 26.1% in Myanmar, 27.9% in Lao PDR, 19.9% in Brunei Darussalam, 22.5% in Vietnam, 28.3% in The Philippines, and 16.9% in Cambodia [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive Smokers’ Support for Stronger Tobacco Control in Indonesia

Nurhasana

Ratih

Dartanto

2020

IJERPH

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Secondhand smoke exposure in Indonesia is high, especially compared to other Southeast Asian countries. Passive smoking leads to negative impacts on health and socio-economic well-being. Therefore, increasing the price of cigarettes and, thereby, increasing barriers to access to cigarettes could be an effective way to reduce smoking prevalence and protect people from second-hand smoke. This study aims to assess passive smokers’ support for cigarette price increases in Indonesia. We perform a quantitative analysis with a cross-sectional design. The data were obtained through phone-based interviews of 1000 respondents aged 18 and older in Indonesia. Only 596 nonsmokers were included to be further analyzed in this study. This study found that 44.1% respondents have at least one family member who smokes. We considered the respondents’ age, gender, education level, employment, and the number of people living in the respondent’s household that are exposed to passive smoking. Our results demonstrate that passive smokers support stronger tobacco control such as increasing cigarette prices, regulating smoking behavior using a religious approach (Fatwa), and applying more effective pictorial health warnings.

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Section: Support Towards Stronger Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Support Towards Stronger Tobacco Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Passive Smokers’ Support for Stronger Tobacco Control in Indonesia

Nurhasana

Ratih

Dartanto

2020

IJERPH

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“…Risky Kusuma Hartono 1,2 *, Sabariah Abd Hamid 2 , Muhammad Hafizurrachman 1 According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of the world's smokers live in low and middleincome countries and more than half of the world's smoking-addicted population resides in the Asia-Pacific region (WHO, 2015;Ho et al, 2018). In Indonesia, cancer due to smoke causes 74.440 people death with the dominant cases happens in man (95%) (Riskesdas, 2013;Kristina et al, 2015;Tandilittin, 2016).…”

Section: Do the Number Of Cigarettes Smokes Per Day Contribute To Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Do the Number of Cigarettes Smokes per day Contribute to the Incident of Malignant Cancer?

Hamid

Hafizurrachman²

2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background:The incident of malignant cancer due to smoking habit becomes a public health problem especially in the developing countries. Active smokers neglect to stop smoking even though various studies proved that smoking increases the risk of cancer. While, previous studies have assessed the incident risk of cancer but have not performed the validity of the measurement. The aim of this study is to know the number of cigarettes that contribute to the incidence of malignant cancer. Methods: A study with retrospective cohort design has been conducted by using a set of public data of Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) in 2007 and 2014. All active smokers (n= 748) who were in good health condition in 2007, were traced in 2014 and then being diagnosed with cancer with considering age, gender, healthy eating habit, and regular physical activity. Data has been analysed by using logistic regression by performing Adjusted Risk Ratio (ARR) and the result of validity measurement. Results: The incident of malignant cancer in 2014 were skin, liver, stomach and oral cavity. Smoking 21-30 per day in 2007 were significantly increased risk of having malignant cancer in 2014 at ARR: 6.88; SE:6.13 with the accuracy were 93.8%. The risk and accuracy were higher if smoke >30 cigarettes per day (ARR:7.523; SE:7.019; accuracy 95.5%). This study also found that the risk of cancer was significantly increase with age (99% CI; ARR: 1.065; SE: 0.026). Conclusions: Cigarette smoking behaviour increased the risk any types incident of cancer. Total number >20 cigarettes smoked per day contributes to the incidence of malignant cancer.

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“…Cigarettes have generally become less affordable in developed economies over time, with increased taxes and small increases in income, but more affordable in developing countries, where there have been minimal changes in taxes (Chaloupka et al 2019). Studies by the WHO suggest that 80 per cent of the world's smokers live in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), and more than 80 per cent of those dying from tobacco-related diseases will be from those countries by 2030 (Ho et. al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana

Fenny¹,

Crentsil²,

Osei³

et al. 2020

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.

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Raising cigarette excise tax to reduce consumption in low-and middle-income countries of the Asia-Pacific region:a simulation of the anticipated health and taxation revenues impacts

Cited by 44 publications

References 22 publications

Passive Smokers’ Support for Stronger Tobacco Control in Indonesia

Passive Smokers’ Support for Stronger Tobacco Control in Indonesia

Do the Number of Cigarettes Smokes per day Contribute to the Incident of Malignant Cancer?

Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana

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