Raising HDL cholesterol in women

Eapen, Danny J.; Kalra, Girish L; Rifai, Luay; Eapen, Christina A; Merchant, Nadya; Khan, Bobby V.

doi:10.2147/ijwh.s5110

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…24 However, a higher HDL cut-off point (<40mg/dL) was used when assessing cardiac risk in female patients, given the observed incidence of coronary disease in women with comparatively higher HDL-C levels than men. 25 Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), Version 20.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA). The results were presented as frequencies and percentages for age, gender, DM, HTN, smoking, dyslipidaemia, stroke subtype, high/normal CIMT and the presence/absence of carotid plaques and means and standard deviations for age and HbA1c level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Glycated Haemoglobin and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Among Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Nazish

Shahid

Albakr

et al. 2018

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

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Objectives: This study aimed to determine the relationship between glycaemic control and carotid atherosclerotic disease among patients with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study took place in the Neurology Department of King Fahad Hospital of University, Khobar, Saudi Arabia, from April to October 2017. Data were collected from the medical records of 244 patients with a diagnosis of AIS confirmed by computed tomography. Doppler ultrasounds of the carotid artery were performed to determine the presence of increased carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) and plaques. Results: Significantly higher mean glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels were noted in cases with high CIMT values (P = 0.002), but not in cases with carotid plaques (P = 0.360). In addition, there was a significant association between diabetes mellitus (DM) and high CIMT (P = 0.045), but not with carotid plaques (P = 0.075). Finally, while dyslipidaemia and age were independently correlated with high CIMT values (P = 0.034 and <0.001, respectively) and carotid plaques (P <0.001 each), no independent relationships were noted in terms of gender and other risk factors like DM, hypertension and smoking (P >0.050 each). Conclusion: High HbA1c levels were associated with high CIMT values, but not with carotid plaques. Therefore, HbA1c levels may be useful as an indirect marker of the initial stages of carotid artery atherosclerosis.Keywords: Glycated Hemoglobin A1c; Diabetes Mellitus; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Atherosclerotic Plaque; Stroke.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship Between Glycated Haemoglobin and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Among Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Nazish

Shahid

Albakr

et al. 2018

Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J

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“…Although more recent reviews have considered effects of quitting on HDL-C (e.g. [ 5 - 7 ]), none involve an updated meta-analysis. This review presents an updated meta-analysis using data on changes, more fully investigating how the increase following quitting varies by other factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of quitting smoking on HDL-cholesterol - a review based on within-subject changes

Forey

Fry

et al. 2013

Biomark Res

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A higher concentration of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in ex-smokers than smokers has consistently been observed. Better evidence of quitting effects comes from within-subject changes. We extend an earlier meta-analysis to quantify the reduction, and investigate variation by time quit and other factors. We conducted Medline and Cochrane searches for studies measuring HDL-C in subjects while still smoking and later having quit. Using unweighted and inverse-variance weighted regression analysis, we related changes (in mmol/l) to intra-measurement period, and estimated time quit, and to study type, location and start year, age, sex, product smoked, validation of quitting, baseline HDL-C, baseline and change in weight/BMI, and any study constraints on diet or exercise. Forty-five studies were identified (17 Europe, 16 North America, 11 Asia, 1 Australia). Thirteen were observational, giving changes over at least 12 months, with most involving >1000 subjects. Others were smoking cessation trials, 12 randomized and 20 non-randomized. These were often small (18 of <100 subjects) and short (14 of <10 weeks, the longest a year). Thirty studies provided results for only one time interval. From 94 estimates of HDL-C change, the unweighted mean was 0.107 (95% CI 0.085-0.128). The weighted mean 0.060 (0.044 to 0.075) was lower, due to smaller estimates in longer term studies. Weighted means varied by time quit (0.083, 0.112, 0.111, 0.072, 0.058 and 0.040 for <3, 3 to <6, 6 to <13, 13 to <27, 27 to <52 and 52+ weeks, p=0.006). After adjustment for time quit, estimates varied by study constraint on diet/exercise (p=0.003), being higher in studies requiring subjects to maintain their pre-quitting habits, but no other clear differences were seen, with significant (p<0.05) increases following quitting being evident in all subgroups studied, except where data were very limited. For both continuing and never smokers, the data are (except for two large studies atypically showing significant HDL-C declines in both groups, and a smaller decline in quitters) consistent with no change, and contrast markedly with the data for quitters. We conclude that quitting smoking increases HDL-C, and that this increase occurs rapidly after quitting, with no clear pattern of change thereafter.

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“…Besides, the variation of body composition among individuals might have an impact on the results. Gender affects lipid parameters and this effect is independent of age and menopausal status (28). On the other hand, estrogens increase HDL-C (29,30) but also enhance hepatic clearance of LDL-C (31,32) thus the final result is decreased LDL-C levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid Profile in the Elderly and Middle-Aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Relation with Gender

Saraç¹,

Savaş²,

Gökdemir³

et al. 2019

Turk J Endocrinol Metab

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The aim of the present study was to determine the lipid profile in the elderly and middle-aged patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and its relation with gender. Material and Methods: A total of 592 patients with Type 2 DM aged ≥60 years and 269 diabetic patients aged <60 years as middle-aged with initial admissions or patients with two months of antihyperlipidemic medicine pause were recruited from the internal medicine outpatient clinic during December 2012-March 2018. Demographic and biochemical data were collected retrospectively. Abnormal lipid levels were accepted as total-cholesterol >200 mg/dL, low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥100 mg/dL, triglyceride (TG) ≥150 mg/dL, and high density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) <50 in women <40 mg/dL in men. Results: In total, 506 (85.4%) elderly and 248 (92.1%) middle-aged patients had one or more types of dyslipidemia. There were statistically significant differences in the frequencies of isolated high TG (x 2 =7.54, p=0.01) and combined two parameter dyslipidemia such as LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL & HDL-C <40 mg/dL & TG <150 mg/dL (x 2 =4.30, p=0.03) for men between elderly and middle-aged patients. Combined two-parameter dyslipidemia such as LDL-C ≥100 mg/dL, TG ≥150 mg/dL & HDL-C >50 mg/dL (x 2 =6.64, p=0.01), and isolated low HDL-C (x 2 =2.91, p=0.05) for women were found to be different between the elderly and middle-aged patients. Conclusion: Hypertriglyceridemia with high LDL-C and isolated low HDL-C were more common in the elderly women than that in middle-aged women where isolated hypertriglyceridemia and combined high LDL-C with low HDL-C were higher in the elderly than the middle-aged for men.

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Raising HDL cholesterol in women

Cited by 19 publications

References 129 publications

Relationship Between Glycated Haemoglobin and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Among Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke

Relationship Between Glycated Haemoglobin and Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease Among Patients with Acute Ischaemic Stroke

The effect of quitting smoking on HDL-cholesterol - a review based on within-subject changes

Lipid Profile in the Elderly and Middle-Aged Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Relation with Gender

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