Reproduction permitted only if source is stated.ISBN 978-3-95729-187-5 (Printversion) Non-technical summary
Research QuestionThe custodian services industry plays a prominent role in the financial system. It is responsible for the safekeeping of financial assets of its clients and comprises depository and custodian banks as well as Central Securities Depositories (CSDs). Due to the fact that the safe-keeping of financial instruments listed in a foreign country is typically delegated to a chain of sub-custodians, the resulting custody structures are often very complex and opaque. In this paper we examine the risks inherent in such sub-custody chains.
ContributionWith this analysis, we contribute to the very scant literature on the custodian industry. To our knowledge, this is the first study which, using a unique data set from a survey of German depository banks, empirically assesses the sub-custodian structures used in the safekeeping of foreign financial assets.
ResultsWe find that sub-custodian chains are often relatively long (comprising up to five subcustodians) and frequently reach across several countries. Both increases the inherent risks in asset custody services. Better informed banks typically have shorter sub-custodian chains, which we interpret as evidence of agency problems in the custodian industry. Further, better capitalised banks have longer but less risky sub-custodian chains in terms of country risk. In addition, their chains cross borders less frequently. Moreover, foreign custodians also use shorter chains. CSDs as first sub-custodians appear to reduce the country risk in sub-custodian structures, highlighting the beneficial role they can play in the delegation of safe-keeping duties. We analyse sub-custodian chains using a unique data set from a survey. Our key question is whether there is any evidence for moral hazard in the delegation of asset safe-keeping to sub-custodians. Sub-custodian chains can be relatively long and frequently reach across several countries. The risk that securities are lost or the return to their owners delayed is not negligible. Our findings highlight that foreign or better informed banks have shorter sub-custodian chains. Better capitalised banks have longer, but less risky sub-custodian chains. Our findings support the view that Central Securities Depositories (CSDs) play a beneficial role in the management of sub-custodian structures, since chains where a CSD is the first sub-custodian reduce the country risk in sub-custodian structures. When we analyse the choice of a CSD as first sub-custodian, we find that better capitalised, larger and foreign banks are less likely to rely on CSDs as their first sub-custodian.