Ramadan is not associated with increased infection risk in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations: Findings from controlled interrupted time series analysis of UK primary care data

Almulhem, Munerah; Thayakaran, Rasiah; Hanif, S; Gooden, Tiffany E; Thomas, G. Neil; Hazlehurst, Jonathan; Tahrani, Abd; Hanif, Wasim; Nirantharakumar, Krishnarajah

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0262530

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Interestingly, research from the UK reported that COVID-19 infection [151] and mortality [152] did not increase during the month of Ramadan. The reason for this could be that human saliva displays anti-viral properties as previously reported [153,154].…”

Section: Health Benefit Of Fasting Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of salivary composition changes induced by fasting and its impact on health

Aripin¹,

Zahid²,

Rahim³

et al. 2024

Food Science and Human Wellness

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Human saliva is an indispensable fluid that maintains a healthy oral cavity which otherwise can lead to oral diseases (dental caries and periodontitis). In addition, salivary metabolites and microbiome profile provide early detection of systemic diseases such as cancer and obesity. Salivary diagnostic has gained popularity due to its non-invasive sampling technique. Fasting (abstinence from food or drink or both) research for weight loss and improve health is common, but studies using fasting saliva are scarce. Some metabolites in fasting saliva have been reported with interesting results, which can be enhanced by considering different confounding factors. For example, fasting saliva contains higher salivary nitrite, which is related to nitric oxide (NO). NO is a vasodilator supporting the healthy function of endothelial cells and its deficiency is connected to many diseases. The timely supply of NO through exogenous and endogenous means is highlighted and the potential advantage of fasting salivary composition changes in relation to COVID-19 infection is speculated. This review aims to provide a general discussion on the salivary composition, properties, and functions of the whole saliva, including the health benefits of fasting.

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Section: Health Benefit Of Fasting Salivamentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of salivary composition changes induced by fasting and its impact on health

Aripin¹,

Zahid²,

Rahim³

et al. 2024

Food Science and Human Wellness

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show abstract

“…Antibiotic prescribing patterns before, during, and after Ramadan in a primary care setting within the Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations in the United Kingdom, most of who were Muslims, were compared to those who do not observe Ramadan. 63 Retrospective controlled interrupted time series analysis of electronic health record data from primary care practices was performed. The study consists of two groups: Pakistanis/Bangladeshis and white populations.…”

Section: Infections and Inflammationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Literature on Ramadan Fasting and Health in 2022

Hafidh

Khan

Shaikh

et al. 2023

Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences

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Objectives The literature on health and disease during Ramadan fasting (RF) is widely spread in many journals making it not readily accessible to those interested in the subject. Here, we provide an overview of the research on the interplay of RF with various aspects of well-being published in 2022. Materials and Methods A narrative, nonsystematic review of the international literature from a single major medical online database, PubMed, in one calendar year (2022) was conducted. The search term “Ramadan fasting” was used to retrieve the appropriate records. The relevant literature with substantial data-based content was presented in a concise thematic account, excluding those concerned with diabetes. Results Themes that emerged from the review included the pathophysiology of metabolic changes during RF, nutritional aspects including body composition and energy metabolism, cardiovascular disease and risk factors, renal function and structure, endocrinology (mainly thyroid), neurological disorders, mental health, pregnancy and fetal life, and infections (including COVID). Some miscellaneous clinical themes were identified, such as patients' and professional perspectives. Conclusions In 2022, the medical interest in RF was again widely spread across specialties. Cardiovascular disease and risk factors attract the most interest in terms of original articles and professional guidelines. We hope with this review to present a concise summary of the scholarly work on the subject in this year.

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Association of Ramadan and Death Rates in a Metropolitan City in Turkey: A Review of Literature and a Seasonally Adjusted Study

Kartal,

Etli,

Asirdizer

2024

J Relig Health

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Ramadan is not associated with increased infection risk in Pakistani and Bangladeshi populations: Findings from controlled interrupted time series analysis of UK primary care data

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

A review of salivary composition changes induced by fasting and its impact on health

A review of salivary composition changes induced by fasting and its impact on health

Review of the Literature on Ramadan Fasting and Health in 2022

Association of Ramadan and Death Rates in a Metropolitan City in Turkey: A Review of Literature and a Seasonally Adjusted Study

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