The unusual Raman spectrum of MgB2 and its formidable temperature dependence are successfully reproduced by means of a parameter-free ab initio nonadiabatic theory that accounts for the electron-hole pair scattering mechanisms with the system phonons. This example turns out to be a prototypical case where a strong nonadiabatic renormalization of the phonon frequency is partially washed out by the aforementioned scattering events, bringing along a characteristic temperature dependence. Both electron-hole pair lifetime and energy renormalization effects due to dynamical electron-phonon coupling turn out to play a crucial role. This theory could aid in comprehending other Raman spectra characterized with unconventionally strong electron-phonon interaction.Recent years have witnessed an ample interest in nonadiabatic (NA) coupling effects [1,2] and their intriguing impact on the vibrational properties of solids [3]. Particularly strong deviations from the adiabatic phonon spectrum were observed for the long wavelength (q ≈ 0) modes of carbon-based materials, such as metallic carbon nanotubes [4,5], graphite intercalation compounds [6-9], graphene [10][11][12], and boron-doped diamond [13]. The corresponding NA theory based in first principles is well established and in most instances the calculated NA phonon frequencies complement the experiments quite accurately [6,10,14]. Remarkably, in MgB 2 , both the state-of-the-art adiabatic and NA descriptions break down. Namely, the Raman measurements reveal an unusually large linewidth of the E 2g phonon peaked at around 77 meV [15][16][17][18][19], which falls just between the adiabatic (67 meV) and NA (94 meV) values [6,14].In order to resolve this discrepancy numerous explanations emerged. A significant temperature dependence of the phonon spectrum lead numerous studies to ascribe the foregoing anomalies to the anharmonicity [20][21][22][23][24]. Conversely, it was shown that the phonon-phonon corrections constitute only a small portion of the E 2g phonon linewidth and the frequency shift, as well as bring about a minor temperature change [16,[25][26][27][28]. The effects of the electron relaxation processes (e.g., higher order electron-phonon scattering) on the phonon spectrum were also taken into consideration, since it was shown that high-frequency optical modes in metallic systems might be rather sensitive to these processes when q ≈ 0 [29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. In fact, few studies have qualitatively demonstrated that it is precisely this mechanism that prompts the breakdown of the standard adiabatic and NA theories in MgB 2 [6,16,19,27,36,37]. Nevertheless, a concomitant NA theory based in first principles that can resolve this controversy is still absent. Such an in-depth quantitative survey of the NA effects is of great fundamental interest, e.g., for comprehending superconductivity mechanisms, especially in MgB 2 , * dino.novko@gmail.com where the unusually strong interaction between the E 2g phonon and electrons is suspected to underly the electron pairing p...