Raman enhancement on ultra-clean graphene quantum dots produced by quasi-equilibrium plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Liu, Donghua; Chen, Xiaosong; Hu, Yibin; Sun, Tai; Song, Zhibo; Zheng, Yu; Cao, Yunxia; Cai, Zhi; Cao, Min; Peng, Lan; Huang, Yalou; Du, Lei; Yang, Wuli; Chen, Gang; Wei, Dapeng; Wee, Andrew Thye Shen; Wei, Dacheng

doi:10.1038/s41467-017-02627-5

Cited by 144 publications

(108 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The D to G peak intensity ratio (I D /I G ) of the GQDs is 0.79, and the 2D to G peak intensity ratio (I 2D /I G ) is 0.64. Both values indicate a relatively high crystallinity considering that a large number of disordered edges exist on the GQDs [28]. It is notable that such a high 2D band, as seen in this study, has rarely been reported for previously synthesized GQDs [16,35,36].…”

Section: Structural Featuressupporting

confidence: 48%

“…Additionally, the basal plane or edges of GQDs synthesized by these methods are passivated by oxygen functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl and hydroxyl groups. The characteristics of GQDs, such as having an effective charge transfer and quantum confinement, are hindered by these defects [4,28]. Currently, only a few studies have reported fabricating high-quality GQDs; thus producing GQDs that have high crystallinity, few defects and high purity is therefore of great importance as GQDs have many promising applications in fields involving sensors and detectors [4,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Novel Route to High-Quality Graphene Quantum Dots by Hydrogen-Assisted Pyrolysis of Silicon Carbide

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Lim³

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) can be highly beneficial in various fields due to their unique properties, such as having an effective charge transfer and quantum confinement. However, defects on GQDs hinder these properties, and only a few studies have reported fabricating high-quality GQDs with high crystallinity and few impurities. In this study, we present a novel yet simple approach to synthesizing high-quality GQDs that involves annealing silicon carbide (SiC) under low vacuum while introducing hydrogen (H) etching gas; no harmful chemicals are required in the process. The fabricated GQDs are composed of a few graphene layers and possess high crystallinity, few defects and high purity, while being free from oxygen functional groups. The edges of the GQDs are hydrogen-terminated. High-quality GQDs form on the etched SiC when the etching rates of Si and C atoms are monitored. The size of the fabricated GQDs and the surface morphology of SiC can be altered by changing the operating conditions. Collectively, a novel route to high-quality GQDs will be highly applicable in fields involving sensors and detectors.

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Section: Structural Featuressupporting

confidence: 48%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Route to High-Quality Graphene Quantum Dots by Hydrogen-Assisted Pyrolysis of Silicon Carbide

Lee¹,

Lee²,

Lim³

et al. 2020

Nanomaterials

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“…High‐quality “ultraclean” graphene quantum dots (GQD) prepared using a plasma‐enhanced (PE) chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method (2.2 nm, P‐GQD‐1, Figure a; 6.2 nm, P‐GQD‐2, Figure b) exhibited a size‐dependent enhancement factor increase and selective probe molecule recognition . The Raman spectra of thermally evaporated R6G (Figure c) and CuPc (Figure d) demonstrated the improved Raman enhancement efficiency of P‐GQDs compared to graphene or quantum dots prepared by other methods.…”

Section: D Inorganic Nanomaterials For Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…e–h) The molecular orbital (at the HOMO level of CuPc and R6G) densities of CuPc/P‐GQD‐(2.2 nm), CuPc/P‐GQD‐(6.2 nm), R6G/P‐GQD‐(2.2 nm), and R6G/P‐GQD‐(6.2 nm) calculated by density functional theory. All panels reproduced under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license . Copyright 2018, The Authors, Springer Nature.…”

Section: D Inorganic Nanomaterials For Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in 2D Inorganic Nanomaterials for SERS Sensing

et al. 2019

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Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a powerful and sensitive analytical tool that has found application in chemical and biomolecule analysis and environmental monitoring. Since its discovery in the early 1970s, a variety of materials ranging from noble metals to nanostructured materials have been employed as surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates. In recent years, 2D inorganic materials have found wide use in the development of SERS‐based chemical sensors owing to their unique thickness dependent physico‐chemical properties with enhanced chemical‐based charge‐transfer processes. Here, recent advances in the application of various 2D inorganic nanomaterials, including graphene, boron nitride, semiconducting metal oxides, and transition metal chalcogenides, in chemical detection via SERS are presented. The background of the SERS concept, including its basic theory and sensing mechanism, along with the salient features of different nanomaterials used as substrates in SERS, extending from monometallic nanoparticles to nanometal oxides, is comprehensively discussed. The importance of 2D inorganic nanomaterials in SERS enhancement, along with their application toward chemical detection, is explained in detail with suitable examples and illustrations. In conclusion, some guidelines are presented for the development of this promising field in the future.

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“…In addition to plasmonic nanomaterials, other materials such as plasmonic-free semiconductors, 204 2D materials 205,206 and hybrid plasmonic/2D materials 207,208 Currently, there are many simple and rapid SERS sensing platforms which have been developed for liquid biopsy analyses. 133,171,192 Still, these sensing strategies need to be performed by well-trained technicians with applicable laboratory and data analysis skills (e.g., pipetting, Raman measurement, and statistical analysis).…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering surface-enhanced Raman scattering strategies for liquid biopsy analyses: a step towards precision medicine in cancer management

Wang¹

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Precision medicine is poised to have an impact on cancer management by guiding treatment decisions based on molecular landscapes of tumours. Normally, the molecular profile of a tumour is established from a surgically-obtained biopsy tissue sample. As tumours are highly heterogeneous and dynamic, tissue-based molecular profiling is subject to temporal and/or spatial sampling bias. Additionally, biopsies from some tumour sites remain difficult, which could result in an inadequate amount of tissue for subsequent testing. To fully enable precision medicine, it is desirable to have an easily accessible, minimally invasive way to determine and monitor the molecular make-up of tumour subclones in real-time. Liquid biopsies are such an approach, from which a number of circulating cancerassociated biomolecules can be non-invasively isolated for subsequent analyses to better reflect the overall molecular make-ups of primary and metastatic tumours. These circulating biomolecules released by tumours including circulating tumour cells (CTCs), extracellular vesicles (EVs), circulating soluble cancer proteins, and circulating nucleic acids, are extremely rare, thus posing challenges in downstream analyses. Recent developments in microfluidic chips and nanotechnologies have significantly advanced liquid biopsy analyses. Nevertheless, these techniques are still limited by either insufficient sensitivity, low multiplexing capacity, or high-cost reagents. To enable liquid biopsy applications in precision medicine, there is thus a clear need for a highly sensitive and cost-effective technology with high multiplexing capability. The application of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) as an analytical tool for liquid biopsy analyses is gaining ground due to its ultrasensitivity and multiplexing capacity. Principally, SERS refers to amplified Raman signals of molecules on or near the surface of SERS substrates (mainly plasmonic nanomaterials). According to this concept, liquid biopsy biomarkers could be identified based on their unique molecular structures or by SERS nanotags (i.e., plasmonic nanomaterials functionalised with Raman reporters and/or target-specific ligands). Majority of current SERS techniques in liquid biopsies focus on the technique development; and their clinical translation is rarely attempted/explored. The research described in this thesis includes the design and clinical evaluation of cuttingedge SERS strategies that enable comprehensive characterisation of various circulating biomolecules.

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Raman enhancement on ultra-clean graphene quantum dots produced by quasi-equilibrium plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Cited by 144 publications

References 61 publications

A Novel Route to High-Quality Graphene Quantum Dots by Hydrogen-Assisted Pyrolysis of Silicon Carbide

A Novel Route to High-Quality Graphene Quantum Dots by Hydrogen-Assisted Pyrolysis of Silicon Carbide

Recent Advances in 2D Inorganic Nanomaterials for SERS Sensing

Engineering surface-enhanced Raman scattering strategies for liquid biopsy analyses: a step towards precision medicine in cancer management

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