Raman identification of green and blue pigments in Etruscan polychromes on architectural terracotta panels

Bordignon, Francesca; Postorino, P.; Dore, P.; Trojsi, Giorgio

doi:10.1002/jrs.1630

Cited by 31 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Figure 8a,b show two blue euhedral cuprorivaite crystals (CaCuSi 4 O 10 ) detected by Raman spectroscopy. Indeed, the relative spectra show typical cuprorivaite bands at 113, 137, 361, 377, 431, 568, and 1083 cm −1 [40,[51][52][53][54][55][56]. Cuprorivaite, which is a calcium-copper tetrasilicate, is the main component of ancient Egyptian blue pigment [57], a synthetic pigment obtained by heating a mixture composed of calcite, siliceous sand, copper compounds, and natron or plant ash, to a temperature ranging between 850 • C and 950 • C [52,58,59].…”

Section: Micro-raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Multi-Analytical Approach to Study the Pigments of Wall Painting Fragments Reused in Mortars from the Archaeological Site of Pompeii (Italy)

et al. 2018

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During the excavations carried out in Via di Mercurio (Regio VI, 9, 3) in Pompeii, in 2015, some red, green, black, and brown wall painting fragments were found in the preparatory layer of an ancient pavement which was probably built after the 62 AD earthquake. These fragments, derived from the rubble, were used as coarse aggregate to prepare the mortar for building the pavement. The wall painting fragments are exceptionally well preserved, which is an uncommon occurrence in the city of Pompeii. However, as they were enclosed in the mortar, the wall painting fragments were protected from the high temperatures (probably ranging between 180 • C and 380 • C) produced by the eruption in 79 AD. The pigmented outer surface of each sample was analyzed using a non-destructive multi-analytical approach, by combining spectrophotometric colorimetry and portable X-ray fluorescence with micro-Raman spectroscopy. The compositional characterization of the samples revealed the presence of cuprorivaite, goethite, and celadonite in the green pigments; hematite in the red pigments; goethite in the brown pigment; and charcoal in the black pigment. These data probably provide us with the most "faithful picture" of the various red, green, black, and brown pigments used in Pompeii prior to the 79 AD eruption.

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Section: Micro-raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Destructive Multi-Analytical Approach to Study the Pigments of Wall Painting Fragments Reused in Mortars from the Archaeological Site of Pompeii (Italy)

et al. 2018

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“…The double peak at 1110 cm À1 is due to malachite. [13], [14] [15] information on the surface composition of the samples, i.e. just down to a depth of few atomic layers.…”

Section: Xps Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical characterization of corrosion products of copper and its alloys on stained stone surfaces

Macchia¹,

Tabasso

Salvi

et al. 2013

Surface & Interface Analysis

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Monuments, where stone and metals or metallic alloys are used together, are very frequently met in all historical periods and in all countries. In the case of bronze and other copper alloys, their corrosion products can be dissolved by the action of acid rain and thus reach the porous building materials in contact with (or near to) the metallic structures. Once absorbed by the stone, they precipitate on the external stone surface and inside its porous space. As the majority of these products are coloured, their precipitates may produce stains, which are perceived as unpleasant alterations of the original values' of the stone monuments. The removal of stains is therefore required on the occasion of conservation treatments. The paper reports on the characterisation of copper corrosion products found on two, very different, monuments in Rome: Fontana delle Tartarughe' (by T. Landini, last quarter of the 16th century) and Statua dello Studente' (by A. Cataldi, 1920). To identify the speciation of copper compounds in their carbonate matrices, different techniques [X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, SEM/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), micro-Raman and XPS] had to be employed. To further confirm the identification of the chemical species, SEM/EDS data were also processed by principal component analysis. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

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“…There is some confusion about the introduction of chromium(III) oxide under the name "chrome oxide green" and chromium(III) oxide dihydrate (Cr 2 O 3 • 2H 2 O) known as "viridian" for preparation of paints. Although it has been reported the beginning of its use falls in the middle of the 19 th century, there is evidence of its use for painting walls in ancient Chinese culture, dating back to 500 BC [14]. Evidence has also been found in some other works of art from the Roman and Ottoman period [15,16].…”

Section: Green Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ftir Investigation of Pigments and Binder of Painted Walls in Heritage Monuments

2020

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Studies of materials used for works of art and cultural monuments throughout the history contribute to the comprehensive understanding of particular cultures, their technological achievements and customs over time. Investigations of the authenticity of objects and the interventions they may have endured over time keep an important role for their successful restoration and preservation. A three-layer sample of the colored wall decoration from Ottoman Ćejvan Ćehaja mosque from Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. The plaster was identified as gypsum-lime binder. Inorganic pigments were found in two layers, reddish-brown mixture of Fe2O3 and MnO2 and green pigment recognized as viridian, Cr2O3 ∙ 2H2O. The upper layer of "golden color" is found to be a physically compact piece of gold foil or leaf whose fixation method meets both the Ottoman and "west" mode of binding. The mode of adhesion by animal glue could be the result of decoration immanent to Islamic culture, but also to reconstruction from the late 19th century during the Austro-Hungarian rule in Bosnia.

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Raman identification of green and blue pigments in Etruscan polychromes on architectural terracotta panels

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Non-Destructive Multi-Analytical Approach to Study the Pigments of Wall Painting Fragments Reused in Mortars from the Archaeological Site of Pompeii (Italy)

Non-Destructive Multi-Analytical Approach to Study the Pigments of Wall Painting Fragments Reused in Mortars from the Archaeological Site of Pompeii (Italy)

Analytical characterization of corrosion products of copper and its alloys on stained stone surfaces

Ftir Investigation of Pigments and Binder of Painted Walls in Heritage Monuments

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