Raman identification of single cell component and FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3‐internal tandem duplications subtype for clinical acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant clonal blood disease of hematopoietic stem cells with poor prognosis. Traditional diagnosis of AML depends on the morphology, immunology, cytogenetics, and molecular biology (MICM) classification. As a rapid, label-free and non-destructive detection method, Raman spectroscopy can characterize the molecular information in the biochemical process at the molecular level through peak position, intensity and other information. In this paper, we collected leukemic blast cells from 19 AML patients. Firstly, it was proved that with the help of multivariate analysis methods such as principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS), Raman spectroscopy could effectively distinguish AML cells from normal leukocytes, and the accuracy rate was up to 96.71%. The results showed that compared with normal leukocytes, multiple components of information decomposed by the AML spectrum represented abnormal alterations in proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates in leukemia cells. Secondly, the same procedure was used to further detect different types of AML and found that Raman spectroscopy could distinguish AML cells with FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-Internal Tandem Duplications (FLT3-ITD) mutations or not, and there were differences in spectral characteristics corresponding to nucleic acids and proteins (amino acids). The above results revealed that Raman spectroscopy has great potential for clinical diagnosis and mechanistic study of AML.

Raman Spectroscopy as a Research and Diagnostic Tool in Clinical Hematology and Hematooncology

“…To achieve that, some researchers correlate their Raman data with transcriptomics and genetic information from patient sample. There are a few reports of attempts to identify hematological malignancies based on single mutations [ 89 , 90 ]. The feasibility of this approach has been reported previously for solid tumors [ 91 , 92 , 93 ] including mutations typically observed in leukemias, e.g., IDH [ 93 , 94 ].…”