Raman lidar for the study of liquid water and water vapor in the troposphere

Veselovskii, Igor; Cha, Hanju; Kim, D.H.; Choi, Sungchul; Lee, J.M.

doi:10.1007/s003400000290

Cited by 30 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Melfi et al (1969) and Cooney (1970) showed as early as the late 1960s that Raman lidar is a powerful tool for this type of measurement, and Vaughan et al (1988) used, for the first time, a Raman lidar to perform water vapor mixing ratio measurements up to the tropopause. Following these pioneer works, Ansmann et al (1992) performed simultaneous measurements of the water vapor mixing ratio and aerosol optical properties, Turner et al (1999) used Raman lidar in continuous measurements in the framework of the atmospheric radiation measurement program (ARM), and Veselovskii et al (2000) also reported profiles of the water vapor mixing ratio in the troposphere. More recently, the German Meteorological Service (DWD) has been equipped with a Raman lidar (Reichardt et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mobile Water vapor Aerosol Raman LIdar and its implication in the framework of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs: application to a dust transport process

2014

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Abstract. The increasing importance of the coupling of water and aerosol cycles in environmental applications requires observation tools that allow simultaneous measurements of these two fundamental processes for climatological and meteorological studies. For this purpose, a new mobile Raman lidar, WALI (Water vapor and Aerosol LIdar), has been developed and implemented within the framework of the international HyMeX and ChArMEx programs. This paper presents the key properties of this new device and its first applications to scientific studies. The lidar uses an eye-safe emission in the ultraviolet range at 354.7 nm and a set of compact refractive receiving telescopes. Cross-comparisons between rawinsoundings performed from balloon or aircraft and lidar measurements have shown a good agreement in the derived water vapor mixing ratio (WVMR). The discrepancies are generally less than 0.5 g kg −1 and therefore within the error bars of the respective instruments. A detailed study of the uncertainty of the WVMR retrieval was conducted and shows values between 7 and 11 %, which is largely constrained by the quality of the lidar calibration. It also proves that the lidar is able to measure the WVMR during daytime over a range of about 1 km. In addition the WALI system provides measurements of aerosol optical properties such as the lidar ratio (LR) or the particulate depolarization ratio (PDR). An important example of scientific application addressing the main objectives of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs is then presented, following an event of desert dust aerosols over the Balearic Islands in October 2012. This dust intrusion may have had a significant impact on the intense precipitations that occurred over southwestern France and the Spanish Mediterranean coasts. During this event, the LR and PDR values obtained are in the ranges of ∼ 45-63 ± 6 and 0.10-0.19 ± 0.01 sr, respectively, which is representative of dust aerosols. The dust layers are also shown to be associated with significant WVMR, i.e., between 4 and 6.7 g kg −1 .

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The mobile Water vapor Aerosol Raman LIdar and its implication in the framework of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs: application to a dust transport process

2014

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“…Whiteman and Melfi (1999) demonstrated a retrieval technique for both the cloud liquid water content and droplet radius although the data available at that time had the liquid and vapor signals present in the same optical channel. Veselovskii et al (2000) measured the signals from liquid and vapor separately, but not simultaneously, by use of different interference filters inserted into the same optical channel. Rizi et al (2004) demonstrated separate and simultaneous liquid and vapor measurements and retrievals from those data.…”

Section: ) Liquid Water Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne and Ground-Based Measurements Using a High-Performance Raman Lidar

Whiteman

Rush

Rabenhorst

et al. 2010

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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A high-performance Raman lidar operating in the UV portion of the spectrum has been used to acquire, for the first time using a single lidar, simultaneous airborne profiles of the water vapor mixing ratio, aerosol backscatter, aerosol extinction, aerosol depolarization and research mode measurements of cloud liquid water, cloud droplet radius, and number density. The Raman Airborne Spectroscopic Lidar (RASL) system was installed in a Beechcraft King Air B200 aircraft and was flown over the mid-Atlantic United States during JulyAugust 2007 at altitudes ranging between 5 and 8 km. During these flights, despite suboptimal laser performance and subaperture use of the telescope, all RASL measurement expectations were met, except that of aerosol extinction. Following the Water Vapor Validation Experiment-Satellite/Sondes (WAVES_2007) field campaign in the summer of 2007, RASL was installed in a mobile trailer for groundbased use during the Measurements of Humidity and Validation Experiment (MOHAVE-II) field campaign held during October 2007 at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Table Mountain Facility in southern California. This ground-based configuration of the lidar hardware is called Atmospheric Lidar for Validation, Interagency Collaboration and Education (ALVICE). During the MOHAVE-II field campaign, during which only nighttime measurements were made, ALVICE demonstrated significant sensitivity to lower-stratospheric water vapor. Numerical simulation and comparisons with a cryogenic frost-point hygrometer are used to demonstrate that a system with the performance characteristics of RASL-ALVICE should indeed be able to quantify water vapor well into the lower stratosphere with extended averaging from an elevated location like Table Mountain. The same design considerations that optimize Raman lidar for airborne use on a small research aircraft are, therefore, shown to yield significant dividends in the quantification of lower-stratospheric water vapor. The MOHAVE-II measurements, along with numerical simulation, were used to determine that the likely reason for the suboptimal airborne aerosol extinction performance during the WAVES_2007 campaign was a misaligned interference filter. With full laser power and a properly tuned interference filter, RASL is shown to be capable of measuring the main water vapor and aerosol parameters with temporal resolutions of between 2 and 45 s and spatial resolutions ranging from 30 to 330 m from a flight altitude of 8 km with precision of generally less than 10%, providing performance that is competitive with some airborne Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) water vapor and High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) aerosol instruments. The use of diode-pumped laser technology would improve the performance of an airborne Raman lidar and permit additional instrumentation to be carried on board a small research aircraft. The combined airborne and ground-based measurements presented here demonstrate a level of versatility in Raman lidar that may be impossible to duplicate with any o...

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“…In the case of cloud, the Raman spectrum from a swarm of quasi-spherical cloud droplets with different sizes in a lidar-probed volume becomes quite complicated due to a combined effect of structural resonances and droplet scattering phase function [18,19]. But, it is expected that the Raman spectral distribution of cloud liquid/ice water reflects the microphysical properties of clouds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the Raman scattering from cloud droplets is different from that of bulk water under laboratory conditions [e.g., 9,10,12,14], the Raman spectral signal at the frequency shifts of ∼2800-3500 cm −1 mostly represents information about the liquid/ice water in clouds. Then the Raman lidar measurements of cloud liquid/ice water can be conducted by centering a bandpass filter at an appropriate frequency shift located within the spectrum region from ∼2800 to 3500 cm −1 [1,[16][17][18][19]. This allows cloud liquid/ice water content to be ascertained under conditions that the Raman scattering intensity is fundamentally proportional to the number of water molecules in the probed volume (no resonance phenomena due to ice crystal morphology or nonrandom orientation) [16,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectrally resolved Raman lidar measurements of gaseous and liquid water in the atmosphere

Liu

2013

Appl. Opt.

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A spectrally resolved Raman lidar based on a tripled Nd:YAG laser is built for measuring gaseous and liquid water in the atmosphere. A double-grating polychromator with a reciprocal linear dispersion of ~0.237 nm mm(-1) is designed to achieve the wavelength separation and the suppression of elastic backscatter. A 32-channel linear-array photomultiplier tube is employed to sample atmospheric Raman water spectrum between 401.65 and 408.99 nm. The lidar-observed Raman water spectrum in the very clear atmosphere is nearly invariable in shape. It is dominated by water vapor, and can serve as background reference for Raman lidar identification of the phase state of atmospheric water under various weather conditions. The lidar has measured also the Raman water spectrum of an aerosol/liquid water layer. The spectrum showed a moderate increase of the signal on both sides of the Q-branch of water vapor. Noting that under clear weather conditions the Raman water spectrum intensity stays at a very low level in the 401.6-404.7 nm range, the Raman water signal in this portion can be used to estimate the liquid water content in the layer.

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Raman lidar for the study of liquid water and water vapor in the troposphere

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

The mobile Water vapor Aerosol Raman LIdar and its implication in the framework of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs: application to a dust transport process

The mobile Water vapor Aerosol Raman LIdar and its implication in the framework of the HyMeX and ChArMEx programs: application to a dust transport process

Airborne and Ground-Based Measurements Using a High-Performance Raman Lidar

Spectrally resolved Raman lidar measurements of gaseous and liquid water in the atmosphere

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