Raman microspectroscopic analysis of fibers in beverages

Wiesheu, Alexandra C.; Anger, P.; Baumann, Thomas; Nießner, Reinhard; Ivleva, Natalia P.

doi:10.1039/c6ay01184e

Cited by 118 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Considering different size classes,t he small fragments (< 50 mm) in particular were underestimated when using an optical microscope,w hereas long fibers (> 200 mm) led to false-positive results (see Figure 3A). [38,39] Another disadvantage of visual identification alone is the lack of information on the exact plastic types of the MP samples.T his allows only limited conclusions on the source and environmental risk of the sample,b ecause different plastic types exhibit different toxicities resulting from the use of additives/plasticizers and coloration. Thei ndispensable need for an additional spectroscopic identification method was also recently shown by Remy et al, [38] who identified 100 %o ft he potential MP fibers deriving from macrofauna in seagrass as cellulose by means of RM.…”

Section: Mp Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thenonstained material is then assigned as microplastic.However,it has already been recognized that only spectroscopic analysis (FTIR or RM) can provide unambiguous proof of the synthetic nature of the non-stained particles/fibers. [38,39] Another disadvantage of visual identification alone is the lack of information on the exact plastic types of the MP samples.T his allows only limited conclusions on the source and environmental risk of the sample,b ecause different plastic types exhibit different toxicities resulting from the use of additives/plasticizers and coloration.…”

Section: Mp Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems

2016

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The contamination of marine and freshwater ecosystems with plastic, and especially with microplastic (MP), is a global ecological problem of increasing scientific concern. This has stimulated a great deal of research on the occurrence of MP, interaction of MP with chemical pollutants, the uptake of MP by aquatic organisms, and the resulting (negative) impact of MP. Herein, we review the major issues of MP in aquatic environments, with the principal aims 1) to characterize the methods applied for MP analysis (including sampling, processing, identification and quantification), indicate the most reliable techniques, and discuss the required further improvements; 2) to estimate the abundance of MP in marine/freshwater ecosystems and clarify the problems that hamper the comparability of such results; and 3) to summarize the existing literature on the uptake of MP by living organisms. Finally, we identify knowledge gaps, suggest possible strategies to assess environmental risks arising from MP, and discuss prospects to minimize MP abundance in aquatic ecosystems.

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Section: Mp Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mp Identification and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems

2016

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“…During the second-level screening, the full papers were scrutinized, and 112 studies were removed with reasons (S1 Appendix) and seven were included. When the searches were rerun, five more studies were included after the first and second level screening (Fig 1), resulting in 12 studies [60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71] finally included in this systematic review.…”

Section: Study Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

2020

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Background Microplastics (MPs) are omnipresent in the environment, including the human food chain; a likely important contributor to human exposure is drinking water. Objective To undertake a systematic review of MP contamination of drinking water and estimate quantitative exposures. Methods The protocol for the systematic review employed has been published in PROSPERO (PROSPERO 2019, Registration number: CRD42019145290). MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched from launch to the 3rd of June 2020, selecting studies that used procedural blank samples and a validated method for particle composition analysis. Studies were reviewed within a narrative analysis. A bespoke risk of bias (RoB) assessment tool was used. Results 12 studies were included in the review: six of tap water (TW) and six of bottled water (BW). Meta-analysis was not appropriate due to high statistical heterogeneity (I 2 >95%). Seven studies were rated low RoB and all confirmed MP contamination of drinking water. The most common polymers identified in samples were polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene (PP), Methodological variability was observed throughout the experimental protocols. For example, the minimum size of particles extracted and analysed, which varied from 1 to 100 μm, was seen to be critical in the data reported. The maximum reported MP contamination was 628 MPs/L for TW and 4889 MPs/L for BW, detected in European samples. Based on typical consumption data, this may be extrapolated to a maximum yearly human adult uptake of 458,000 MPs for TW and 3,569,000 MPs for BW.

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“…One of these studies cautioned that the staining agent (rose Bengal) may false-negatively exclude some synthetic compounds or false-positively include nonplastic compounds [22]. The second study [23] built on initial methods by applying Raman microspectroscopy (RM) to accurately distinguish between synthetic and cellulose fibres in beer and bottled mineral water (Supplementary Table 1). This investigation indicated the need for further qualitative and quantitative analysis of fibres in beverages [23].…”

Section: Reports Of Microplastics In Drinking Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Microplastics in drinking water: A review and assessment

Eerkes-Medrano¹,

Leslie

Quinn

2019

Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health

215

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The first media reports of microplastics in drinking water appeared in 2017 and were followed by several scientific publications in 2018. Three important areas to consider on the subject of microplastics (MP) in drinking water (DW) are: 1) what is the evidence of MP in DW; 2) how do MP enter DW; 3) what are the toxicological implications for humans? We review these issues by presenting the published evidence of MP in tap water, bottled water and at intake and outflow of DW treatment plants; discuss the potential routes by which MP reach these destinations; address the available evidence of potential impacts on humans of MP via DW and provide a preliminary human exposure assessment; and suggest future directions for research and approaches to address emerging concerns.

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Raman microspectroscopic analysis of fibers in beverages

Abstract: Raman microspectroscopy allows us to distinguish between synthetic and natural fibers in beverage samples.

Cited by 118 publications

References 12 publications

Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems

Microplastic in Aquatic Ecosystems

Microplastic contamination of drinking water: A systematic review

Microplastics in drinking water: A review and assessment

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