Raman Scattering as the Key Link Between Unidentified Infrared Bands, Diffuse Interstellar Bands, and Extended Red Emission

Abstract

This paper calls attention to the relevance of Raman scattering by atomic hydrogen to three optical and near/mid-infrared spectral features of HI clouds: extended red emission (ERE), diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs), and the unidentified infrared bands (UIBs). DIBs, ERE, and UIBs are observed predominantly at the edge of HI clouds, are manifestly related, and remain poorly understood. Their salient properties correspond to two major characteristics of HI Raman scattering: unusual line broadenings and a concentration of the Raman scattered ultraviolet continuum in the vicinity of hydrogen's optical and infrared transitions. Raman scattering by atomic hydrogen has now been detected in several object classes where the spectral features are observed, and I argue that it can account for all three features. I further identify three factors that condition observation of Raman scattering in HI clouds, and thus of DIBs, ERE, and UIBs: the hardness of the radiation field, interstellar dust extinction, and the geometry of the observation. The geometry determines whether complete forward scattering, yielding DIBs, or scattering at large angles, yielding ERE in the vicinity of Hα and UIBs in the infrared spectrum, will be observed. ERE results from Raman scattering of photons near Lyβ and UIBs from excitation of hydrogen atoms close to the ionization limit. DIBs, ERE, UIBs are thus different facets of the same interstellar phenomenon: Raman scattering by atomic hydrogen.

Tracking carbon dioxide adsorbate intramolecular dynamics in pure silica zeolite Silicalite-1 by in situ Raman scattering

“…Raman spectroscopies are considered a valuable in situ remote diagnostic tool for the detection and characterisation of the state of the corresponding CO 2 molecular species. 20,21 Notably, a devoted Raman scattering spectrometer was designed for the 2018 ExoMars mission. 22 While first proof of the long-anticipated presence of zeolitic materials has been presented 23 the Raman spectra of water and CO 2 in natural zeolite chabazite have so far been measured under laboratory-simulated Martial conditions, by a Lidar-based Raman spectrometer specially developed for space missions, 24 further illustrating the need for reliable high-quality reference spectra of the adsorption characteristics of various materials species of interest.…”