Raman scattering of the Li1+xTi2−xO4 superconducting system

Liu, D.Z.; Hayes, W.; Kurmoo, Mohamedally; Dalton, M. M.; Chen, C.

doi:10.1016/0921-4534(94)91826-0

Cited by 43 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…As revealed in Fig. 6, there are five Raman-allowed phonon [24][25][26], whereas they show slightly different frequencies compared to those of Leonidov [27]. As shown by the patterns in Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

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Design and comparison of ex situ and in situ devices for Raman characterization of lithium titanate anode material

Shu

Shui

et al. 2011

Ionics

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In this paper, ex situ and in situ devices for Raman observations are designed and compared with each other by using lithium titanate as working electrode. In situ cell is made for Raman spectroscopy based on a confocal microscope Raman spectrometer. The instant evolutions of lithium titanate anode material during cycle can be recorded by in situ Raman in detail. Although the in situ technique is an important method to monitor the structure evolution of lithium titanate, it is difficult to conduct an in situ experiment in most laboratories. Moreover, the existence of electrolyte and surface deposits weakens the Raman signals of sample. Therefore, the structure evolution of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 cannot be described accurately. For comparison, air-free ex situ device is a simple and cheap tool to achieve the information from lithiated and delithiated samples. By removing the electrolyte and deposits on the sample with dimethyl carbonate, the ex situ Raman pattern shows higher signal to noise ratio than that of in situ Raman result. As a result, the shift and recovery of ex situ Raman bands confirms that the electrochemical reaction of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 with Li in 0.0-2.0 V is not a fully reversible process but a partially reversible process.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…As shown by the patterns in Fig. 6, three strong peaks centered at 235, 431, and 672 cm −1 are attributed to the Raman-featured F 2g , E g and A 1g modes, respectively [24][25][26]. As observed in spinel oxides, the bands that appeared at 235, 431, and 672 cm Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Design and comparison of ex situ and in situ devices for Raman characterization of lithium titanate anode material

Shu

Shui

et al. 2011

Ionics

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“…3, five vibration peaks were observed at 233, 275, 343, 426 and 671 cm −1 , respectively. These Raman-allowed modes are the feature of the spinel structure (A 1g + E g + 3F 2g ) [24][25][26][27]. Two strong bands at 233 and 671 cm −1 are assigned to the characteristic modes F 2g and A 1g .…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 98%

Ball milling-assisted sol–gel route to Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical properties

Yan

Fang

Zhao

et al. 2009

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…These Raman-allowed modes are the feature of the spinel structure (A1g + Eg + 3F2g) for the spinel O 7 h spectroscopic point symmetry group [19][20][21][22][23][24]. The strong bands at 233 cm −1 can be assigned to the characteristic modes F2g, and the strong peak centered at 674 (680) cm −1 accompanying a shoulder (743 cm −1 ) is assigned to A1g mode; the broad peak at 424 cm −1 can be assign to Eg mode, and the weaker band appeared at 344 cm −1 are attributed to F2g [19][20][21][22][23][24]. This observation demonstrated the formation of phase-pure Li 4 [25,26].…”

Section: Preparation Of Lithium Ion Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

Jiang

Liu

et al. 2011

Ionics

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Powders of spinel Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) were successfully synthesized at reducing conditions by solid-state method. The structure and physical properties of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and differential capacitance, respectively. XRD shows that both samples are single-phase spinel compounds. LTO synthesized in Ar/H 2 (8% mol) has a larger lattice parameter than that in Ar. SEM indicates that all of the prepared powders have the uniform, nearly cubic structure morphology with narrow size distribution in the range of 200-300 nm. Raman spectra indicate that the Raman bands corresponding to the Ti-O vibration has a blue shift from 674 to 680 cm −1 due to the few H 2 in the synthesized condition, indicating that there is very few oxygen vacancies in the Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 synthesized under Ar/H 2 (8% mol). The dQ/dV vs. voltage plots reveals the redox potentials for the synthesized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 -negative electrode materials.

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Raman scattering of the Li1+xTi2−xO4 superconducting system

Cited by 43 publications

References 7 publications

Design and comparison of ex situ and in situ devices for Raman characterization of lithium titanate anode material

Design and comparison of ex situ and in situ devices for Raman characterization of lithium titanate anode material

Ball milling-assisted sol–gel route to Li4Ti5O12 and its electrochemical properties

Structure and physical properties of Li4Ti5O12 synthesized at deoxidization atmosphere

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