The synthesis of high-pressure modification of barium tetraborate β-BaB 4 O 7 has been carried out at 3 GPa and 1000 °C in a DIA-type apparatus. Single-crystal X-ray analysis shows that β-BaB 4 O 7 crystallizes in a centrosymmetric group (Pnam (#62), a = 9.0029(3) Å, b = 4.3006(7) Å, c = 10.9795(8) Å, Z = 4). The density of the β-BaB 4 O 7 phase increases by 22% relative to the ambient-pressure α-BaB 4 O 7 phase. The P−T diagrams for the αand β-BaB 4 O 7 phases have been calculated. The dynamic stability of β-BaB 4 O 7 at ambient pressure was confirmed by the absence of imaginary modes in the phonon spectra. The band gap values obtained using the HSE06 hybrid functional are 6.821 and 8.075 eV for αand β-BaB 4 O 7 phases, respectively, with indirect transitions. The value of 8.075 eV indicates that β-BaB 4 O 7 can transmit to the deep-UV region. For the first time, the Raman spectra of the αand β-BaB 4 O 7 phases have been studied by both experimental and numerical methods. The vasp_raman.py code was used to calculate the polarizability tensors for each crystal mode. The assignment of vibrations of cations, interconnected triangle, and/or tetrahedral groups (BO 3 and BO 4 ) of both modifications was carried out by comparing the experimental and ab initio calculated spectra and the result is in agreement with the interpretation developed for borates, aluminosilicates, and carbonates.