Raman Spectra of Carbon Dioxide and its Isotopic Variants in the Fermi Resonance Region. Part IV: Temperature Dependence on Q-Branch Intensities from 300 K to 650 K

Wienecke, P.; Finsterhölzl, H.; Schrötter, H. W.; Brandmüller, Josef

doi:10.1366/0003702864815411

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…If rotational Raman (Δν=0) is used, such a calculation becomes intractable as rotational transitions from several vibrational levels add to the measured intensity at almost the same Raman shift. A similar argument can be extended to Rayleigh measurements [34,35], since light scattered from different vibrational states contribute to the same peak [36], or even for vibrational Raman when multiple modes are present, like in CO 2 [37,38]. Therefore, in contrast to these other techniques, vibrational Raman in N 2 requires no a priori assumption about the vibrational distribution to calculate local number density.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preferential vibrational excitation in microwave nitrogen plasma assessed by Raman scattering

Gatti

Ponduri

Peeters

et al. 2018

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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Vibrational activation of N 2 molecules in a flowing microwave plasma is investigated in the context of utilising electrical energy for chemical conversion. Spatial profiles of rotational (T r ) and vibrational (T v ) temperatures are measured by Raman scattering. Maximum values of T r = 3500 K and T v = 6000 K were observed in the centre of the plasma at low pressure (50 mbar). A detailed quantification of the local energy content shows how the strong nonequilibrium character of low pressure discharges compares with a closer-to-equilibrium energy distribution at higher pressures. Measurements performed downstream of the plasma display the ability of the microwave flowing reactor to deliver up to 48% of the specific energy input (SEI) into internal degrees of freedom of the gas molecules. Specifically, 23% of the SEI is loaded into the vibrational mode, which is potentially available to enhance chemical reactivity of endothermic reactions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Preferential vibrational excitation in microwave nitrogen plasma assessed by Raman scattering

Gatti

Ponduri

Peeters

et al. 2018

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

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“…The CO 2 in the fluid phase is represented by the Fermi diad (Wienecke et al, 1986) at ~1283, 1386 cm -1 for 12 CO 2 and 1369, 1262 cm -1 for 13 CO 2 . Each individual resonance corresponds to the 2ν 2 and ν 1 respectively (Rosasco et al, 1975;Garrabos, 1980;Kerkhof and Olsen, 1990).…”

Section: Confocal Micro-raman Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman quantification factor calibration for CO–CO2 gas mixture in synthetic fluid inclusions: Application to oxygen fugacity calculation in magmatic systems

et al. 2009

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With a combined approach using Solid State 13 C-MAS NMR and Laser Raman Microspectroscopy, we investigated the CO 2-CO gas composition (X(CO 2)) in fluid inclusions synthesised under high pressure (200-300 MPa), high temperature (1225-1250°C) and reducing conditions (17 < P(H 2) < 62 bars). Fluid inclusions are entrapped in a volatile-bearing basaltic glass which was characterized by FTIR for determining the water solubility (H 2 O m). 13 C-MAS NMR is used as a standard analysis for determining the X(CO 2). The Raman quantification factors between 13 CO 2 and 13 CO is determined from peak area (F-factor), peak height (G-factor) and according to the Placzek's polarizability theory. The calibration is derived for both CO 2 Fermi diad resonances: 2ν 2 and ν 1. We obtain similar values for the main CO 2 resonance (2ν 2) with 1.956 and 1.809 for F and G respectively. Results are consistent with the fact that peak height and area will measure the same quantity. For ν 1 , multiple calibration trends are observed. The different trends are explained by the different 13 C/ 12 C ratio observed in between the samples. However, we suggest that such resonance is not suitable for determining the fluid inclusion compositions. We extended the 13 C results for calibrating the F-and G-factors for 12 CO 2-12 CO gas mixture in the fluid inclusions and for the main CO 2 resonance. For 12 CO 2-12 CO mixture, F and G values are 1.856 and 1.756 which is in the same order as the derived values for 13 C species. Thus, we propose that no significant 13 C/ 12 C fractionation occurs in the fluid phase and both isotopes will behave in a similar way.

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“…11 The peaks at 1285 and 1389 cm −1 are due to gaseous CO 2 . 15 The peak at 2140 cm −1 corresponds to gaseous CO. 16 The Raman spectrum of the vapor gases of the electrolyte material (dimethyl carbonate:ethylene carbonate = 1:1) are associated with the peaks at 520, 926, 1764, 2497, and 2984 cm −1 . 17 Since the vapor pressure of ethylene carbonate (EC) is low, its peak intensity was weaker than that of dimethyl carbonate (DMC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Dependence of Gas Evolution in 18650 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Using In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy

Gerelt-Od¹,

Kim²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A long-term in-situ measurement method for evolved gases in commercial 18650 cylindrical lithium ion batteries (LIBs) is proposed using Raman spectroscopy. Hydrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide were the main gases detected from cells at 4.2-4.8 V for 1800 h. Gas evolution rates were determined by the aging time and the staying potential, resulting in a nonlinear partial-pressure-dependence as a function of the aging time. Initially, the evolution of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide was significant. After potential-dependent onset times, hydrogen and methane generation increased suddenly. At low potential ranges of 4.2-4.4 V, mostly hydrogen gas was generated, whereas at high potential ranges (>4.6 V), methane becames dominant. Even at 4.4 V, importantly, the absolute accumulative H 2 gas pressure was >3 atm, raising the requirement to monitor such gas for better safety even under nominal operating conditions. Moreover, cumulative partial pressures of the detected gases exceeded the range 5-10 atm, which was associated with the staying potential. An evolution mechanism through which the gas is converted from hydrogen to methane is proposed and discussed. The electrochemical analysis of the aged LIBs showed that the capacity fade was accelerated by the increase in the staying potential while the resistances remained similar.

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Raman Spectra of Carbon Dioxide and its Isotopic Variants in the Fermi Resonance Region. Part IV: Temperature Dependence on Q-Branch Intensities from 300 K to 650 K

Cited by 13 publications

References 8 publications

Preferential vibrational excitation in microwave nitrogen plasma assessed by Raman scattering

Preferential vibrational excitation in microwave nitrogen plasma assessed by Raman scattering

Raman quantification factor calibration for CO–CO2 gas mixture in synthetic fluid inclusions: Application to oxygen fugacity calculation in magmatic systems

Potential Dependence of Gas Evolution in 18650 Cylindrical Lithium-Ion Batteries Using In-Situ Raman Spectroscopy

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