Raman spectrometry and neural networks for the classification of wood types—1

Lewis, Ian R.; Daniel, Nelson W.; Chaffin, Nathan C.; Griffiths, Peter R.

doi:10.1016/0584-8539(94)80207-6

“…Earlier studies [11][12][13][14][15] consisted of distinguishing these classes of woods based on chemical composition-related Raman spectral differences. Although the chemical composition of wood is complex and varies from species to species, there are three structural polymeric components, namely, cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose, which are common to all woods.…”

Section: Woodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers

Agarwal

¹

2008

Characterization of Lignocellulosic Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter reviews applications of Raman spectroscopy in the field of wood and pulp fibers. Most of the literature examined was published between 1998 and 2006. In addi tion to introduction, this chapter contains sections on wood and components, mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, modified/treated wood, cellulose I crystallinity of wood fibers, and the "self-absorption" phenomenon in near-infrared (IR) Fourier-transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy. When needed, the sections are further categorized into various subsections. For example, the section on wood and components contains a variety of topics ranging from Raman band assignments to molecular changes during tensile deformation. From this review it will become clear that Raman spectroscopy has become an essential analytical technique in the field of wood and pulp fibers. IntroductionTechniques that can provide information on the chemical constitution of wood and pulp fibers and on processing-related changes of these materials are of great interest. Raman spectroscopy [1] is one such technique that provides fundamental knowledge on a molecu lar level and does not require chemical treatment of the sample (contrary to the case, for example, in fluorescence and electron microscopy). It has become an important analyt ical technique for nondestructive, qualitative, and quantitative analysis of materials. The technique is useful in a number of areas, including analytical measurements, mechan istic studies, and structural determinations. Studying a sample is very simple and usually involves sampling an area of interest by directing a laser excitation beam and analyzing the collected molecularly specific scattered light [2]. Although initially, obtaining good-quality Raman data required operator skill and training, this has started to change as a result of the commercial availability of compact, easy-to-use, integrated instruments at reasonable cost.Nevertheless, although the specificity of Raman spectroscopy is very high, its sensitivity is somewhat poor. Considering that only a small number of the incident laser photons are inelastically scattered, the detection of analytes present in very low concentrations is limited. To overcome this problem, special Raman signal-enhancing techniques can be applied. The two most prominent approaches are the resonance Raman effect [3] and the

show abstract

“…The bands around 1603 and 1459 cm 1 correspond to the C -C and υ C -H modes of lignin and the bands around 898, 524 and 376 cm 1 are assigned to holocellulose. 10,11 Thirteen cellulose-based fans were eventually selected. They are listed below according to their visual aspect: ž 1 wood-like fan: a 20 cm long Zéphyr.…”

Section: Samples and Preliminary Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of the first cellulose-based artificial materials in heritage

Paris

¹

,

Coupry

²

2005

J. Raman Spectrosc.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a Raman spectroscopic study on the first artificial materials that entered the fabrication of fashion accessories at the end of the 19th century. The aim was to evaluate how such materials were incorporated into fans which were representative of that period and produced with a wide diversity of characteristics. Non-destructive Raman spectroscopy has already been successfully applied to the study of materials in heritage objects, with a near-infrared excitation (1064 nm) to avoid any fluorescence. Our study focused on cellulose-based materials, i.e. celluloid and acetocellulose, the other materials used for fan manufacture requiring another analysis technique and methodology. Raman spectra of their main components, cellulose nitrate and camphor for celluloid and cellulose acetate for acetocellulose, were used as references for the identification. The choice of the reference components is discussed. After a first selection excluding fans made of natural and/or proteinaceous materials, 13 fans were analyzed. Eleven of them were shown to be made of celluloid since their Raman spectra superposed cellulose nitrate and camphor signatures. We observed additional bands for three of these fans, which we assigned to a plasticizer added to ease modeling. Bands of triphenyl phosphate, one of the plasticizers used for acetocellulose manufacturing, were evidenced in the Raman spectra of the last two fans of our selection.

show abstract

“…An interesting application of this is the use of Raman spectra with neural networks to develop screening techniques to determine whether or not an unknown compound is energetic. [54][55][56][57][58][59][60] 7 METHODS -THERMAL TECHNIQUES…”

Section: Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Study of Explosives

McNesby

¹

,

Pesce‐Rodriguez

²

2001

Handbook of Vibrational Spectroscopy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The sections in this article are Introduction Background on Explosives Materials Handling Vibrational Spectroscopy Applications Methods – Non‐Thermal Techniques Transmission FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy Attenuated Total Reflection ( ATR ) Infrared Microscopy FT ‐ IR Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Diffuse Reflection FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy Surface‐Enhanced Infrared and Surface‐Enhanced R aman Spectroscopy Grazing Angle Reflection/Absorption FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy Theoretical Calculations R aman Spectroscopy Methods – Thermal Techniques Rapid‐Scan FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy DAC / GAC – Microspectroscopy Transmission FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy of Thin Films High Temperature FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy Low Temperature FT ‐ IR Emission FT ‐ IR Spectroscopy R aman Spectroscopy Conclusion Acknowledgments

show abstract

Raman spectrometry and neural networks for the classification of wood types—1

Cited by 62 publications

References 23 publications

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers

Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Wood and Pulp Fibers

Fourier transform Raman spectroscopic study of the first cellulose-based artificial materials in heritage

Applications of Vibrational Spectroscopy in the Study of Explosives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About