sustainable and renewable sources. However, the effective utilization of most sustainable energy resources such as solar and wind energies is strongly rely on the energy storage systems with high efficiency. [1][2][3][4] Among numerous alternative technologies, rechargeable batteries have drawn great attention due to their scale flexibility, economic maintenance, and energy storage efficiency compared to other energy storage technologies. [5] As a most promising rechargeable battery system, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density have experienced rapid advances and commercialization in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. [6][7][8] However, limited lithium resources in the earth may result in shortage and high cost of lithium if LIBs are widely used in the energy storage systems, which are several orders of magnitude larger than the electronic devices and electric vehicles in scale. Therefore, the developments of next-generation rechargeable battery systems with high energy density, long cyclic life, and low cost are urgently required. Sodium (Na)-ion batteries (NIBs) have attracted consider-