Spinal dysraphism arises from neural tube closure defects occurring between 2 and 6 weeks of gestation, leading to severe complications after birth. It is typically classified as either open or closed, depending on whether the defect is covered by skin. Despite advances in diagnosis, current methods for detecting spinal dysraphism still lack the necessary sensitivity and specificity, driving the pursuit of more effective treatments. The complications, often arising from incomplete spine and brain formation or the exposure of the spinal cord to neurotoxic amniotic fluid, underscore the critical need for prenatal intervention. Current therapeutic approaches remain inadequate, underscoring the urgent need for novel strategies. Tissue engineering, a promising field of medical innovation, holds significant potential for enhancing neural regeneration and repair. Integrating advanced tissue engineering techniques with existing prenatal neurosurgical treatments offers a transformative opportunity to improve outcomes for patients affected by spinal dysraphism.