Raman spectroscopy based identification of flame retardants in consumer products using an acquired reference spectral library

Ghosal, Sandip; Fang, Huiting

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2014.10.007

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…For extracts, SSS was not a suitable approach at all. Ghosal and Fang (2015) reported that brominated flame retardants may be identified by handheld Raman spectroscopy in rigid plastics and dense PU foams. However, testing PS foam samples with handheld Raman spectroscopy was not successful in this study.…”

Section: Bromine Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid identification of polystyrene foam wastes containing hexabromocyclododecane or its alternative polymeric brominated flame retardant by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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The brominated flame retardant hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) was added to Annex A of the list of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) of the Stockholm Convention. Thus, production and use of HBCDD will be banned, and the recycling of HBCDD-containing foam waste will be restricted. In reaction a special polymeric brominated flame retardant (PolyFR) was developed to replace HBCDD in expanded and extruded polystyrene foams for building and construction applications. A decision has to be made at some future time whether expanded and extruded polystyrene foam waste is to be subjected to incineration (with HBCDD) or to recycling (without HBCDD). Therefore, an appropriate and rapid field method is required to distinguish between foams containing HBCDD and foams free from HBCDD. Here we present a screening method for identifying HBCDD containing expanded and extruded polystyrene foams. The test principle is based on the fact that PolyFR (a brominated polymeric macromolecule) is not extractable whereas HBCDD (a low molecular weight substance) is extractable. Following rapid extraction of HBCDD the brominated flame retardant is identified and quantified via bromine analysis using a handheld X-ray fluorescence instrument. The method was applied successfully to 27 expanded and extruded polystyrene foam samples (foams and extruded polystyrene foam raw materials), which were provided without any information about the applied flame retardant. The presence of HBCDD was confirmed for all HBCDD-positive samples in the test. A robustness test revealed a high degree of correctness and a high repeatability for the test system: samples containing HBCDD and HBCDD-free samples were identified correctly with relative standard deviations of quantitative results below 14%. Moreover, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy test results agree well with HBCDD determinations performed in a laboratory with a gas chromatograph coupled to a flame ionisation detector.

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Section: Bromine Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid identification of polystyrene foam wastes containing hexabromocyclododecane or its alternative polymeric brominated flame retardant by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

et al. 2015

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“…Attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration provides a larger spectral range and better signal-to-noise ratio during the study of diesel samples. Comparisons with commercialized and in-house vibrational spectral libraries were proven for rapid identification of unknown samples [12][13][14].…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discrimination of Biodiesel-Diesel of B7 and B10 by Infrared Spectroscopy with Dendogram

Abdull Manap,

Jusoh,

Chuin

et al. 2023

Indones. J. Chem.

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Spectroscopists face an ongoing challenge in identifying fuel spectra due to a wide range of fuel formulations and the increasing abuse of biodiesel-diesel blends. In Malaysia, a new type of biodiesel-diesel blend known as B7 and B10 has been introduced, which requires rapid and reliable discrimination methods. However, current identification methods are costly and time-consuming. To overcome this issue, a spectroscopy study was conducted using a portable Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to identify biodiesel-diesel blends. The study found that direct identification using spectral libraries was reliable in identifying complex samples but unable to differentiate B7 and B10 due to the libraries' focus on hydrocarbons rather than esters. Instead, FTIR spectroscopy provided unique spectral peaks for each blend. Spectral range influences the discrimination, and the truncated region 1697–1777 and 1164–1224 cm−1 was shown to be reliable for discriminating the B7 and B10. The study concluded that a combination of algorithms, libraries, and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) in FTIR spectroscopy could effectively differentiate the blends. The primary objective was to differentiate B7 and B10 by analyzing liquid samples collected in Malaysia using HCA and IR spectroscopies. FTIR spectroscopy provides molecular-specific vibrational signals and is proven as a rapid identification method.

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Spatial investigation of plasma emission from laminar diffusion methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol alcohol flames using LIBS method

et al. 2016

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Raman spectroscopy based identification of flame retardants in consumer products using an acquired reference spectral library

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Rapid identification of polystyrene foam wastes containing hexabromocyclododecane or its alternative polymeric brominated flame retardant by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

Rapid identification of polystyrene foam wastes containing hexabromocyclododecane or its alternative polymeric brominated flame retardant by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy

Discrimination of Biodiesel-Diesel of B7 and B10 by Infrared Spectroscopy with Dendogram

Spatial investigation of plasma emission from laminar diffusion methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol alcohol flames using LIBS method

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