“…Prior to the advent of microfluidics as a defined field, micro-sized channels were often contained within components of scientific and engineering instruments mostly unrelated to microfluidic applications (Ren et al, 2013;Convery and Gadegaard, 2019). Currently when compared with early microfluidics, microchannels with various geometries are used for many different applications and have huge potential for use within biomedical science (Ramachandraiah et al, 2017;David et al, 2019;Lu et al, 2019;Pritchard et al, 2019;Guzniczak et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2022), industrial processing (Estrada-Osorio et al, 2024;Jayan et al, 2024;Wang et al, 2024;Yi et al, 2024), environmental research (Hill et al, 2022;AlMashrea et al, 2024;Du and Yang, 2024;Sun et al, 2024) and increasingly reaching into other fields (Apoorva et al, 2024;Lei et al, 2024;Reyes et al, 2024). The manufacturing of these microchannels relies upon the use of appropriate techniques, equipment, and materials to produce microfluidic devices consistently and accurately (Ren et al, 2013;Gale et al, 2018;Scott and Ali, 2021;Akbari et al, 2023).…”